2059/02: Key Points

unitika

unitika

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1- What is Natural Increase?
The growth of a population brought about as births exceed deaths. The natural increase rate us calculated by subtracting deaths from births and then dividing the result by the number of the total population
2- What is birth rate?
The ratio of total live births to total population in a specified community or area over a specified period of time. The birth-rate is often expressed as the number of live births per 1,000 of the population per year
3- What is infant mortality rate?
The number of children dying at less than 1 year of age, divided by the number of live births that year
4- Explain the reasons for a high birth rate in Pakistan.
Joint Family System, Illiteracy, Early Marriages, Religious Beliefs, Customs and Traditions, String Desires for Sons, Need for More Earning Hands, Lack of Recreation Facilities, Lack of knowledge of family planning, avoiding family planning lack of knowledge about problems of over population, support in old age, high infant mortality
5- State the factors that give rise to changes in the total population of Pakistan
Birth rate, Death rate, In-migration, Out-migration
6- Explain why Pakistan has a high rate of population growth
High Birth rate, Death rate declined, In Migration of Afghan refugees
7- What are the effects of rapid population growth on economic development?
Retards Development: Due to rapidly growing population, a greater percentage of scarce resource is diverted to meet the basic consumption needs messes. Therefore, little capital is saved for investment
Social Problem: Rapidly growing population creates economic and social problems such as housing and education
Low Per Capita Income: As the population grows, it reduces per capital income of the people.
Low Living Standard: The rapidly growing population decreases per capita income and service which results in a rise of general price level and therefore living standard of people remains very low.
Pressure on Land: Number of landless workers increases. Problems of Low productivity and food shortage in the country
Social Infrastructure: The rapidly increasing population of a country adds to the burden on the social infrastructure of the country. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the government to provide suitable facilities of education, health, housing water, power, and transport
Environmental Problems: The rapid growth of population creates population, unplanned colonies, and environmental damages.
8- Explain some measures that could be taken to reduce the population growth.
Use of contraceptives and family planning techniques
Access to family planning centres and availability of contraceptives
Child labour should be banned
Educate people about problems resulting from over population
Religious support for birth control
Increase in literacy rate
Increase educational level of women. This will delay age of marriage and thus birth rate will reduce.
Government and NGO’s have started welfare programmes including Green Star clinics and Child Welfare Association
Nation needs to increase resources to balance the needs versus supply on emergency levels
9- Explain the causes of population increase in Pakistan since 1947.
Drop in death rate: Due to advances in medical science, the death rate has sharply come down
Low standard of living: It is an established fact that people with low income have more children. The poor persons are not afraid of a further fall in their standard of living as a result of large number of children
Early Marriages: Early marriages cause the span of reproductively to be longer
Tropical climate: The warm climate where puberty is attained at an early age
Belief that God gives Rizq even for an ant so why reduce family size
Source of power: Large family regarded a power to influence people and subdue persons around them
Illiteracy
Influx of refugees: Pakistan is now a refugee paradise.
10- Explain why the death rate for Pakistan has declined during recent years
Improved health care, Many fatal diseases are now treatable, improved hygiene, food production, transport for food, and hospitals and medical colleges. Decrease in infant mortality rates and advances in medical science. Education about health and increase in literacy. Immunization programmes and support from government and NGO’s.
11- What is life expectancy?
Life expectancy is the expected number of years of life remaining at a given age. It is denoted by e”x” which means the average number of subsequent years of life for someone now aged “x”, according to a particular mortality experience.
12- Explain why it is difficult for Pakistan to increase the life expectancy of people.
Health facilities inadequate for Pakistan, Difficult access to health care services, isolated villages, poor drinking water starvation, unhygienic living, and high infant mortality rates.
13- Explain why it is difficult for Pakistan to lower its natural population increase
More children mean more earning hands, parents cannot send their children to school due to prevailing poverty, illiterate people do not realize the importance of education, women illiteracy especially in rural areas due to social and cultural obstacles, large families are usually considered a pride, early marriage, Religious belief that Allah provides Rizq to all, Family planning considered against Islamic practices, Strong desires for male child, decline in death rate due to better medical facilities.
14- Explain why it is difficult for Pakistan to provide for such a large proportion of young people?
Lack of funds for education and health care Pakistan not sufficient in agricultural products like wheat. Pakistan then needs to import wheat causing extra burden on economy, Less people in the working population and more dependents, Over population is responsible for poverty and low standard of living,
15- Explain the causes of low literacy rate in Pakistan
Poverty this parents cannot afford child’s education, Population Expansion, Feudal lords and Wadera System, Low allocation of Budgets, Male dominated society causes low literacy, Larger gap between lower and upper class. Agriculture economy leads to low literacy people tend to fulfil basic necessities and do not emphasize on education. Lack of schools in rural areas, Schools lack basic facilities such as rooms, furniture, toilets, and drinking water
16- Explain why literacy is an important factor which may influence the use of natural resources in the rural areas of Pakistan.
Literacy can help farmer to use better farming techniques to increase the agricultural production, better methods in rearing of livestock, cottage industries develop using the local raw material. Thus, literacy may influence the use of natural resources in rural areas of Pakistan and will increase farmer’s income
 
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