- Messages
- 182
- Reaction score
- 281
- Points
- 73
This notes ain't copy paste these are made by: me
Solubility of salts
Ammonium sodium potassium salts are soluble
Sulphates are all soluble except barium and lead
All chlorides are soluble except silver lead and calcium
All nitrates are soluble
All carbonates are insoluble except >first row<
Test for Anions
Test for halides they r acidified with nitric acid then we add silver(||)nitrate
Results
Chloride: white ppt
Iodide: yellow ppt
Bromide: cream ppt
Test for nitrate ions add aluminum foil and heat
Result: ammonia produced
Test for sulphate ions add barium nitrate ( remember that all these test ppt test are salts so just remember the soluble and insoluble salts)
Result: white ppt ( barium sulfate is formed which is insoluble)
Test for cations
All tests are with NaOH and aq ammonia
Copper(||):
NaOH:blue ppt insoluble in excess
Aq ammonia: blue ppt giving a dark blue solution in excess (soluble)
Zinc
NaOH: white ppt soluble in excess
Aq ammonia: same
Aluminum
NaOH: withe ppt soluble in excess
Aq ammonia: white ppt insoluble in excess
Iron(||)
NaOH: green ppt insoluble in excess
Aq ammonia: same
Iron(|||)
NaOH:red-brown ppt insoluble In excess
Aq ammonia: same
Ammonium
NaOH: +heat ammonia produced
Aq ammonia: nothing visible
Calcium
NaOH: white ppt insoluble in excess
Aq ammonia: nothing visible
Tests for gases
Oxygen:
Test: <glowing> splint
Result: relights
Hydrogen
Test: <lighted> splint
Result: pop sound
Carbon dioxide
Test: lime water
Result: turns milky
Ammonia
Test: <damp> litmus paper
Result: turns blue ( alkali)
Chlorine
Test: <damp> litmus paper
Result: bleached
Test for Alkene's
Test: bromine water
Result: becomes colorless (its usually brown)
Test for water
Physical test
Test: boiling/freezing point
Result: 100/0
Chemical test
Test: anhydrous cobalt chloride
Result: color changes from blue to pink
Test: anhydrous copper(||)sulfate
Result color changes from white to blue
Please like if it helped it took me time to compile it and write it
Or at least reply
Solubility of salts
Ammonium sodium potassium salts are soluble
Sulphates are all soluble except barium and lead
All chlorides are soluble except silver lead and calcium
All nitrates are soluble
All carbonates are insoluble except >first row<
Test for Anions
Test for halides they r acidified with nitric acid then we add silver(||)nitrate
Results
Chloride: white ppt
Iodide: yellow ppt
Bromide: cream ppt
Test for nitrate ions add aluminum foil and heat
Result: ammonia produced
Test for sulphate ions add barium nitrate ( remember that all these test ppt test are salts so just remember the soluble and insoluble salts)
Result: white ppt ( barium sulfate is formed which is insoluble)
Test for cations
All tests are with NaOH and aq ammonia
Copper(||):
NaOH:blue ppt insoluble in excess
Aq ammonia: blue ppt giving a dark blue solution in excess (soluble)
Zinc
NaOH: white ppt soluble in excess
Aq ammonia: same
Aluminum
NaOH: withe ppt soluble in excess
Aq ammonia: white ppt insoluble in excess
Iron(||)
NaOH: green ppt insoluble in excess
Aq ammonia: same
Iron(|||)
NaOH:red-brown ppt insoluble In excess
Aq ammonia: same
Ammonium
NaOH: +heat ammonia produced
Aq ammonia: nothing visible
Calcium
NaOH: white ppt insoluble in excess
Aq ammonia: nothing visible
Tests for gases
Oxygen:
Test: <glowing> splint
Result: relights
Hydrogen
Test: <lighted> splint
Result: pop sound
Carbon dioxide
Test: lime water
Result: turns milky
Ammonia
Test: <damp> litmus paper
Result: turns blue ( alkali)
Chlorine
Test: <damp> litmus paper
Result: bleached
Test for Alkene's
Test: bromine water
Result: becomes colorless (its usually brown)
Test for water
Physical test
Test: boiling/freezing point
Result: 100/0
Chemical test
Test: anhydrous cobalt chloride
Result: color changes from blue to pink
Test: anhydrous copper(||)sulfate
Result color changes from white to blue
Please like if it helped it took me time to compile it and write it
Or at least reply
Last edited:
