Amazing notes for physics paper 6!!

[BusterSword]

Ohhh Buster this the xact question I asked u?????

 

[Saadiya Ahmed]

HELPPPP!!!! in M/J p6 variant 2 could someone please explain ques 1 part c?

 

[raysonzaffar]

How to reduce the heating effect of current:

-Add a variable resistor
-reduce current
-reduce voltage or power
-switch off between readings

Precautions for focal length experiments:
-do it in a darkened room
-clamp ruler to bench
-avoid parallax error when reading the lengths
-make sure that the obejct/lense/screen are all perpendicular to bench.
-and of course, repeats.

A question one came up and asked to draw a diagram of a load on a ruler on a pivot. Well, this meant that the ruler was unbalanced, and so this means that when you draw it, you must show that the ruler is tilted.

DON'T FORGET TO WRITE DOWN THE UNITS AFTER EACH ANSWER!!!

An important precaution for spring experiments is to wait for the spring to stop moving and then record the length.

There you go! Thats it! These are my notes that i made using past papers! Just pray for me and the others! Inshallah we all get good grades! Ameeeen

a mistake .............we increse the voltage for decreasing the current !!!!!!!!!!!!!!

 

[Reem2195]

These are some truly amazing notes, "baloonsandhighlighters"

 

[balloonsandhighlighters]

These are some truly amazing notes, "baloonsandhighlighters"

LOOOOL I logged in just for you cause i knew you would reply Thank you 'Reem2195', who ever you are

 

[Prathmesh Thakkar]

Centre of mass experiment (with the lamina): How to minimize inaccuracy when marking the lines : you view the string directly in front of card.

Why angle i is NOT equale to angle r in ray experiment:

- thickness of pins
-thickness of mirror
-protractor is not precise

In an experiment to do with the cooling of water, there are certain things which must be kept the same:

- initial temp.
-thickness of test-tubes ( more heat lost when thinner etc.)
-vol. of water
-thickness of cotton wool
-depth of the thermometer in the water
-avoid droughts


Examples of insulators that you can wrap things with:
-bubble wrap
-fiberglass
Styrofoam is a good insulator , however you cannot wrap it around things as it breaks easily.

inaccuracy of ray box method: thickness of rays.
inaccuracy of pin method: pins not straight, or too close, or thickness of lines drawn.

Symbol for extension is 'x' or 'e'.

A ruler is called a 'rule'.

ALWAYS ROUND TO 3.SIG.FIGS.

To improve accuracy, put pins in the light ray experiment FURTHER APART to avoid parallax error. So, I I I is better than I I I (where I is the pins)

Precautions for circuit readings of I and V so that accurate:

For I specifically :
-limit current so that temp. doesn't increase
-use a tapping meter

For I and V: Switch off between readings.

θ this is the symbol for Celsius temp. (theta)
T this is the symbol for Kelvin temp.

In light ray experiment, lengths are in mm.


Fair test for pendelum experiments:
-length of pendelum
-shape of bob
-no. of swings
-amplitude

If a statement is 'directly proportional', the justification would always be , ''straight line that goes through the origin''.

If you're comparing the extensions of springs of different materials, certain things have to be the same:
-the cross-section of the springs
-the length of the springs
-the room temperature


How to reduce the heating effect of current:

-Add a variable resistor
-reduce current
-reduce voltage or power
-switch off between readings

Precautions for focal length experiments:
-do it in a darkened room
-clamp ruler to bench
-avoid parallax error when reading the lengths
-make sure that the obejct/lense/screen are all perpendicular to bench.
-and of course, repeats.

A question one came up and asked to draw a diagram of a load on a ruler on a pivot. Well, this meant that the ruler was unbalanced, and so this means that when you draw it, you must show that the ruler is tilted.

DON'T FORGET TO WRITE DOWN THE UNITS AFTER EACH ANSWER!!!

An important precaution for spring experiments is to wait for the spring to stop moving and then record the length.

There you go! Thats it! These are my notes that i made using past papers! Just pray for me and the others! Inshallah we all get good grades! Ameeeen

Diz showz d amt of time u have put in for us....
THNX........

 

[Hydreigon]

TYSM!!!

 

[JQ19980903]

thanks a million!

 

[David Hussey]

that awkward moment when you get a notification from the IGCSE thread (which i was previously in touch with during my IGz) when you are doing A2 lol

 

[iamservantofALLAH]

Great notes. Do you also have notes on how to improve certain experiments?

 

[ahmed butt]

whats A* in pysics paper 6

 

[javier hernandez]

can u give me notes of paper 6 on electricity

 

[Faiza Anwar]

amazing notes. thankyou so much for posting these balloonsandhighlighters.... and others also for the diagrams coz the main problem which i have is in diagrams only.... thanks alot again...

 

[slisjunknown]

Centre of mass experiment (with the lamina): How to minimize inaccuracy when marking the lines : you view the string directly in front of card.

Why angle i is NOT equale to angle r in ray experiment:

- thickness of pins
-thickness of mirror
-protractor is not precise

In an experiment to do with the cooling of water, there are certain things which must be kept the same:

- initial temp.
-thickness of test-tubes ( more heat lost when thinner etc.)
-vol. of water
-thickness of cotton wool
-depth of the thermometer in the water
-avoid droughts


Examples of insulators that you can wrap things with:
-bubble wrap
-fiberglass
Styrofoam is a good insulator , however you cannot wrap it around things as it breaks easily.

inaccuracy of ray box method: thickness of rays.
inaccuracy of pin method: pins not straight, or too close, or thickness of lines drawn.

Symbol for extension is 'x' or 'e'.

A ruler is called a 'rule'.

ALWAYS ROUND TO 3.SIG.FIGS.

To improve accuracy, put pins in the light ray experiment FURTHER APART to avoid parallax error. So, I I I is better than I I I (where I is the pins)

Precautions for circuit readings of I and V so that accurate:

For I specifically :
-limit current so that temp. doesn't increase
-use a tapping meter

For I and V: Switch off between readings.

θ this is the symbol for Celsius temp. (theta)
T this is the symbol for Kelvin temp.

In light ray experiment, lengths are in mm.


Fair test for pendelum experiments:
-length of pendelum
-shape of bob
-no. of swings
-amplitude

If a statement is 'directly proportional', the justification would always be , ''straight line that goes through the origin''.

If you're comparing the extensions of springs of different materials, certain things have to be the same:
-the cross-section of the springs
-the length of the springs
-the room temperature


How to reduce the heating effect of current:

-Add a variable resistor
-reduce current
-reduce voltage or power
-switch off between readings

Precautions for focal length experiments:
-do it in a darkened room
-clamp ruler to bench
-avoid parallax error when reading the lengths
-make sure that the obejct/lense/screen are all perpendicular to bench.
-and of course, repeats.

A question one came up and asked to draw a diagram of a load on a ruler on a pivot. Well, this meant that the ruler was unbalanced, and so this means that when you draw it, you must show that the ruler is tilted.

DON'T FORGET TO WRITE DOWN THE UNITS AFTER EACH ANSWER!!!

An important precaution for spring experiments is to wait for the spring to stop moving and then record the length.

There you go! Thats it! These are my notes that i made using past papers! Just pray for me and the others! Inshallah we all get good grades! Ameeeen

InshaAllah You will get very good grades.Jazakallahu khairan for this great favour;may Allah the Almighty make all your papers easy. Pray for me as well...having p61 tomorro;expecting an A*

 

[Ajitesh Chandran]

Thanks a lot You saved me a lot of time

 

[CHARVESH]

ATP Cheat Sheet

1. Experiments in general physics
Measuring length
 To measure heights, the ruler must be held perpendicular to the base
 Fix the ruler to the bench
 Measure using the fiducial point of objects- take the distance from both sides and
then average it
 Avoid parallax position yourself opposite the measuring device
 Avoid zero error
Measuring volume
 Always read the value at lower meniscus
 Keep cylinder on a level surface at eye level
 Ensure the liquid level has stabilised before taking a reading
Sources of error in moments experiment
 The loads obscure the scale making it difficult to judge the centre position of the load
Factors for fair test in pendulum experiment
 Shape of bob
 Length of string
 Amplitude
 Number of swings
Variables to be kept constant when comparing extension of springs with different material
 Cross section of spring
 Length of spring
 Room temperature
Centre of mass of a plane lamina experiment
 Make a hole in the lamina
 Suspend it on a pin so it can swing freely
 Hang a plumb line against the lamina
 Mark the line it passes through
 Repeat for another line and the intersection point is the centre of mass
2. Experiments with heat
When using a thermometer
 Check the level of immersion in the liquid, minimum 1/3 immersion is required for a
proper reading
 Thermometer should not touch the walls of a beaker
 Take reading at eye level to avoid parallax error
 Wait until reading stabilises

 When comparing thermometers readings, both thermometers have to be at the same
height
 Swirl the liquid before measuring to avoid getting inaccurate readings
General precautions
 Choose volume/mass values of the quantities that give large changes in the
temperature
 Insulate the container
 Cover the container
 Stir and wait for highest temperature after stopping heating
 For Specific Heat Capacity experiments, the warmer the room temperature, lesser
energy will dissipate into surroundings
 If more than one quantity is being measured, record temperature at same time
 Ensure starting temperature is the same
 Use insulating materials for container and all other apparatus
 Room should not be windy/have any draught
How to obtain a large temperature difference
 Increase temperature of water
 Increase draught over surface
 Increase surface area
 Record data at longer time intervals
 Decrease room temperature
 Decrease volume of water
3. Experiments with light
State precautions you would take to get accurate results from an optics experiment:
 Dark room
 Object, lens and screen must be same distance from bench
 All components should be on a levelled and sturdy platform
 Each component should be of the same height and lie on the same optic axis
 Move lens back and forth slowly
 Use a translucent screen
 Use fiducial aid when measuring distance
 Repeat and take average of the results
 All components should be perpendicular to the surface
Why is it difficult, in optics experiment to decide the best position of the lens to obtain a
sharply focused image on the screen?:
 Image appears focused only for small range of lens positions
 Not all of the image is focused
Describe one difficulty that might be experienced when measuring height of image in the
optics experiment:
 Hand in way of image - use translucent screen and view from behind
 Fix ruler to screen - fix ruler to screen
What are precautions that need to be taken when doing the pins experiment:

 Use thin line
 Pins must be at least 5 cm apart
 View the bases of the pin
 Ensure that the pins are vertical
Why angle of incidence is not same as the angle of reflection
 Lines are too thick
 Protractor isn’t precise

4. Experiments with electricity
A reading of 0.623V is obtained even when lamp is switched off. Suggest reason and how to
overcome:
 Ambient light - do experiment in complete darkness
 Zero error - subtract zero reading from each voltage measurement
Minimise temperature increase in a current carrying wire
 Use a smaller current
 Use a wire with lesser resistance
 Open switch between readings
General precautions
 Initially choose the highest range for the ammeter/voltmeter, then reduce the range for
the ammeter so that the deflection is almost full scale
 Always check polarities before closing the switch (completing the circuit)
 Always check that connections are clean.

5. Experiments with magnets
Procedures for measuring magnetic field:
 Ensure magnet is in the same orientation as earth's magnetic field
 When iron filings are spread near magnet, gently tap to find the field
 Move centre of compass along the line from the magnet
 Tap compass to prevent sticking
 Use a sharp pencil when marking the ends of needle with compass
 Look directly down the compass to avoid parallax error
6. How to answer a question
E - equation
C - change
O - other
R - repeat
M - measure
S - same