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Pakistan Studies, Islamiyat and Urdu: Post your doubts here!

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What was the British policy towards the Tribal territory?
Will be very kind of you to help
Thanks
British policy toward the tribal peoples on the northwest frontier vacillated between caution and adventurism during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Some viceroys opposed extending direct administration or defense beyond the Indus River. Others favored a more assertive posture, or "forward policy." The latters' view prevailed, partly because Russian advances in Central Asia gave their arguments credence. In 1874 Sir Robert Sandeman was sent to improve British relations with the Baloch tribes and the khan of Kalat. In 1876 Sandeman concluded a treaty with the khan that brought his territories -- including Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela -- under British suzerainty.

Although various tribes cooperated with the British off and on in return for financial incentives, this quid pro quo arrangement was never completely successful. Throughout the latter half of the 19th century, British troops were embroiled in repeated battles with various tribes in the area. Between 1871 and 1876, the colonial administration imposed a series of laws, the Frontier Crimes Regulations, prescribing special procedures for the tribal areas, distinct from the criminal and civil laws that were in force elsewhere in British India. These regulations, which were based on the idea of collective territorial responsibility and provided for dispute resolution to take place through a jirga (council of elders), also proved to be inadequate.

The Second Afghan War was fought in 1878-80, sparked by Britain's demands that Afghan foreign policy come completely under its control. In the Treaty of Gandamak concluded in May 1879, the Afghan amir ceded his districts of Pishin, Sibi, Harnai, and Thal Chotiali to the British. During succeeding years, other tribal areas were forcibly occupied by the British. In 1883 the British leased the Bolan Pass, southeast of Quetta, from the khan of Kalat on a permanent basis, and in 1887 some areas of Balochistan were declared British territory.
 
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British policy toward the tribal peoples on the northwest frontier vacillated between caution and adventurism during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Some viceroys opposed extending direct administration or defense beyond the Indus River. Others favored a more assertive posture, or "forward policy." The latters' view prevailed, partly because Russian advances in Central Asia gave their arguments credence. In 1874 Sir Robert Sandeman was sent to improve British relations with the Baloch tribes and the khan of Kalat. In 1876 Sandeman concluded a treaty with the khan that brought his territories -- including Kharan, Makran, and Las Bela -- under British suzerainty.

Although various tribes cooperated with the British off and on in return for financial incentives, this quid pro quo arrangement was never completely successful. Throughout the latter half of the 19th century, British troops were embroiled in repeated battles with various tribes in the area. Between 1871 and 1876, the colonial administration imposed a series of laws, the Frontier Crimes Regulations, prescribing special procedures for the tribal areas, distinct from the criminal and civil laws that were in force elsewhere in British India. These regulations, which were based on the idea of collective territorial responsibility and provided for dispute resolution to take place through a jirga (council of elders), also proved to be inadequate.

The Second Afghan War was fought in 1878-80, sparked by Britain's demands that Afghan foreign policy come completely under its control. In the Treaty of Gandamak concluded in May 1879, the Afghan amir ceded his districts of Pishin, Sibi, Harnai, and Thal Chotiali to the British. During succeeding years, other tribal areas were forcibly occupied by the British. In 1883 the British leased the Bolan Pass, southeast of Quetta, from the khan of Kalat on a permanent basis, and in 1887 some areas of Balochistan were declared British territory.
Thanks to you and the google:)
but do i have to learn all this
 
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AOA ! GUyz i just want to ask u guyz that in translation do we have to write it in 40 bullets or in paragraph , cuz i study in city school my teacher has taught me to write in 40bullets whereas others say to write in pargraph. Another question is that i want to know that what are most important urdu mazmoon that may likely to come in oct/nov papers 2016 :) pLz do reply i am only left with 5 to 6 dayz :/
 
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AOA ! GUyz i just want to ask u guyz that in translation do we have to write it in 40 bullets or in paragraph , cuz i study in city school my teacher has taught me to write in 40bullets whereas others say to write in pargraph. Another question is that i want to know that what are most important urdu mazmoon that may likely to come in oct/nov papers 2016 :) pLz do reply i am only left with 5 to 6 dayz :/
the bullet points are just for practice, so you will be writing the translation in continuous pros in a para and i have no idea for the topic but i hope this batch gets as easy topic as that of mj16(which was dosti) which would only be fair then
 
Messages
406
Reaction score
10,107
Points
503
AOA ! GUyz i just want to ask u guyz that in translation do we have to write it in 40 bullets or in paragraph , cuz i study in city school my teacher has taught me to write in 40bullets whereas others say to write in pargraph. Another question is that i want to know that what are most important urdu mazmoon that may likely to come in oct/nov papers 2016 :) pLz do reply i am only left with 5 to 6 dayz :/
always write in paragraph because cie doesn't accept bullet points and buy a olevel text book urdu mujibur rehman 2008-2012 but it will be beneficial
 
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the bullet points are just for practice, so you will be writing the translation in continuous pros in a para and i have no idea for the topic but i hope this batch gets as easy topic as that of mj16(which was dosti) which would only be fair then
Thanks alot :)
 
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Messages
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Points
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==Owned by De
what the hell is this?
 
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To all the ones who will b giving pak studies paper01 and 02. Plz do not write a great deal because i want the threshold to be low;):p
 
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