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thnx bro
-
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Physics, Chemistry and Biology: Post your doubts here!
- Thread starter semsemhosam
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You're most welcome!thnx bro
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i asked because both aldehyde and ketone undergoes nuclophilic addition
carboxylic acid also have cabonyl group why it does not undergoes nuclophilic addition by HCN
carboxylic acid also have cabonyl group why it does not undergoes nuclophilic addition by HCN
I think that is A Level stuff. This is for IGCSE
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oh yes
it is in as level
it is in as level
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Please help me what should i learn for my igcse atp exam for all sciences please hurry help meee
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help!
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tHANKS BUT I DONT STUDY COMPUTER STUDIES ONLY ICT 0417
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i know that this thread is for science subj. but this math formulae sheet would be helpful!!
http://www.wiziq.com/tutorial/194798-IGCSE-MATHEMATICS-FORMULA-BOOKLET-BY-BAAZ-MOHD-HILMY
http://www.wiziq.com/tutorial/194798-IGCSE-MATHEMATICS-FORMULA-BOOKLET-BY-BAAZ-MOHD-HILMY
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and here u go, these are physics formulae, hope it is helpful!
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somebody plz help!
http://papers.xtremepapers.com/CIE/Cambridge IGCSE/Biology (0610)/0610_s03_ms_1+2+3+5+6.pdfPLz write a test for oxygen for biology!
y is there pyrogalo watevr that is in the mark scheme
plz reply
The simplest test for O2 is that it causes a glowing splint to burst in to flames. About the pyrohallot water, I don't know that test
ya i know that, test but in mark schme its different!
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Can someone please explain me the ionic equations...
Especially in this one
And this one please
Especially in this one
And this one please
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Assalamu Alaykum , Here's some notes for you
-You have to record the time taken for one complete oscillation by taking the time for more than one complete oscillation and divide it by their number , and this to reduce error and get more accurate value .
- check if the meter rule in an experiment is vertical by a set square .
- If something directly proportional it should have constant gradient , straight line and begins from the origin .
-To avoid parallax error , your eye should be perpendicular to the reading.
- As the temperature difference between water and room temperature increases , the drop in temperature also increases and vice versa .
-Distance measured between the object and the lens , and between the screen and the lens , must be taken from the center of the lens .
-you need to know the relation between the diameter and the resistance and the area and the resistance of the wire , For example , if diameter increased by 2 times , the resistance will be decreased 4 times , and if the area increased by 2 times , the resistance will be decreased two times .
- Centre of mass
Centre of mass is an imaginary point in a body (object) where the total mass of the
body canbe thought to be concentrated to make calculations easier
To find the centre of gravity on a flat object, use the following steps:
1. Get a flat object.
2. Get a stand and a plumb line (a string with a weight on it).
3. Punch 3 holes in your object.
4. Hang your object from the hole, and attach the plumb line to the same hole.
Draw a vertical line where the plumb line is.
5. Repeat step 4 for all the other holes. Where the lines meet is the centre of gravity.
(FIY the string should be able to swing freely, so should not touch the paper)
For stability the centre of mass must be over the centre of pressure.
DON'T FORGET THE UNITS ! .. It will cost you marks that u are in desperate need for it .
http://g2physics.wikispaces.com/file/view/EXAMINER TIPS FOR IGCSE PHYSICS 0625 (S04).pdf
<-- Examiner tips .
http://www.cambridgestudents.org.uk/subjectpages/physics/igscephysics/Learner Guide for IGCSE Physics 0625.pdf <--- Learner guide .
http://www.docseek.net/ktmhsm/notes-to-study-for-physics-paper-6.html <-- paper 6 notes .
http://hgphysics.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/tips-4-p6-exam.pdf .
http://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/atp-preparation.12572/ .
http://www.xtremepapers.com/communi...y-paper-2-2012-discussions.16598/#post-289636 .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/commun...ctical-notes-addendum-to-syllabus-424kb.5257/ .
http://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/amazing-notes-for-physics-paper-6.16788/ .
http://salman-olevelnotes.blogspot.ae/p/physics.html .
http://www.igcsephysicstutor.com/index/paper-6-doing-tables-and-graphs.html .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/commun...-tips-experiments-and-feqs.25526/#post-520779 .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/physics-practical-videos-for-atp.22625/ .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/physics-practical-tips.6306/ .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/physics-general-tips.16304/#post-280944.
After studying those tips well , do few past papers ..
anw , That's some notes for now it will be always updated , if you have any notes and tips please post it here , don't ever hesitate . Let us make this post rich and worth reading
May Allah give u all success in this world .. Good Luck in your studying , and A* in your exam
source: GorgeousEyes
-You have to record the time taken for one complete oscillation by taking the time for more than one complete oscillation and divide it by their number , and this to reduce error and get more accurate value .
- check if the meter rule in an experiment is vertical by a set square .
- If something directly proportional it should have constant gradient , straight line and begins from the origin .
-To avoid parallax error , your eye should be perpendicular to the reading.
- As the temperature difference between water and room temperature increases , the drop in temperature also increases and vice versa .
-Distance measured between the object and the lens , and between the screen and the lens , must be taken from the center of the lens .
-you need to know the relation between the diameter and the resistance and the area and the resistance of the wire , For example , if diameter increased by 2 times , the resistance will be decreased 4 times , and if the area increased by 2 times , the resistance will be decreased two times .
- Centre of mass
Centre of mass is an imaginary point in a body (object) where the total mass of the
body canbe thought to be concentrated to make calculations easier
To find the centre of gravity on a flat object, use the following steps:
1. Get a flat object.
2. Get a stand and a plumb line (a string with a weight on it).
3. Punch 3 holes in your object.
4. Hang your object from the hole, and attach the plumb line to the same hole.
Draw a vertical line where the plumb line is.
5. Repeat step 4 for all the other holes. Where the lines meet is the centre of gravity.
(FIY the string should be able to swing freely, so should not touch the paper)
For stability the centre of mass must be over the centre of pressure.
DON'T FORGET THE UNITS ! .. It will cost you marks that u are in desperate need for it .
http://g2physics.wikispaces.com/file/view/EXAMINER TIPS FOR IGCSE PHYSICS 0625 (S04).pdf
<-- Examiner tips .
http://www.cambridgestudents.org.uk/subjectpages/physics/igscephysics/Learner Guide for IGCSE Physics 0625.pdf <--- Learner guide .
http://www.docseek.net/ktmhsm/notes-to-study-for-physics-paper-6.html <-- paper 6 notes .
http://hgphysics.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/tips-4-p6-exam.pdf .
http://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/atp-preparation.12572/ .
http://www.xtremepapers.com/communi...y-paper-2-2012-discussions.16598/#post-289636 .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/commun...ctical-notes-addendum-to-syllabus-424kb.5257/ .
http://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/amazing-notes-for-physics-paper-6.16788/ .
http://salman-olevelnotes.blogspot.ae/p/physics.html .
http://www.igcsephysicstutor.com/index/paper-6-doing-tables-and-graphs.html .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/commun...-tips-experiments-and-feqs.25526/#post-520779 .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/physics-practical-videos-for-atp.22625/ .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/physics-practical-tips.6306/ .
https://www.xtremepapers.com/community/threads/physics-general-tips.16304/#post-280944.
After studying those tips well , do few past papers ..
anw , That's some notes for now
it will be always updated , if you have any notes and tips please post it here , don't ever hesitate . Let us make this post rich and worth reading May Allah give u all success in this world .. Good Luck in your studying , and A* in your exam
source: GorgeousEyes
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in physics p6 what is the arrangement of a set square either side of a cylinder/sphere to measure diameter??
Plz some help over here! and i would really appreciate if some one helped me with the doubts i posted earlier.
Plz some help over here! and i would really appreciate if some one helped me with the doubts i posted earlier.
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Centre of mass experiment (with the lamina): How to minimize inaccuracy when marking the lines : you view the string directly in front of card.
Why angle i is NOT equale to angle r in ray experiment:
- thickness of pins
-thickness of mirror
-protractor is not precise
In an experiment to do with the cooling of water, there are certain things which must be kept the same:
- initial temp.
-thickness of test-tubes ( more heat lost when thinner etc.)
-vol. of water
-thickness of cotton wool
-depth of the thermometer in the water
-avoid droughts
Examples of insulators that you can wrap things with:
-bubble wrap
-fiberglass
Styrofoam is a good insulator , however you cannot wrap it around things as it breaks easily.
inaccuracy of ray box method: thickness of rays.
inaccuracy of pin method: pins not straight, or too close, or thickness of lines drawn.
Symbol for extension is 'x' or 'e'.
A ruler is called a 'rule'.
ALWAYS ROUND TO 3.SIG.FIGS.
To improve accuracy, put pins in the light ray experiment FURTHER APART to avoid parallax error. So, I I I is better than I I I (where I is the pins)
Precautions for circuit readings of I and V so that accurate:
For I specifically :
-limit current so that temp. doesn't increase
-use a tapping meter
For I and V: Switch off between readings.
θ this is the symbol for Celsius temp. (theta)
T this is the symbol for Kelvin temp.
In light ray experiment, lengths are in mm.
Fair test for pendelum experiments:
-length of pendelum
-shape of bob
-no. of swings
-amplitude
If a statement is 'directly proportional', the justification would always be , ''straight line that goes through the origin''.
If you're comparing the extensions of springs of different materials, certain things have to be the same:
-the cross-section of the springs
-the length of the springs
-no. of coils
-range of loads
-length of wire
How to reduce the heating effect of current:
-Add a variable resistor
-reduce current
-reduce voltage or power
-switch off between readings
Precautions for focal length experiments:
-do it in a darkened room
-clamp ruler to bench
-avoid parallax error when reading the lengths
-make sure that the obejct/lense/screen are all perpendicular to bench.
-and of course, repeats.
A question one came up and asked to draw a diagram of a load on a ruler on a pivot. Well, this meant that the ruler was unbalanced, and so this means that when you draw it, you must show that the ruler is tilted.
DON'T FORGET TO WRITE DOWN THE UNITS AFTER EACH ANSWER!!
An important precaution for spring experiments is to wait for the spring to stop moving and then record the length.
source: balloonsandhighlighters
Why angle i is NOT equale to angle r in ray experiment:
- thickness of pins
-thickness of mirror
-protractor is not precise
In an experiment to do with the cooling of water, there are certain things which must be kept the same:
- initial temp.
-thickness of test-tubes ( more heat lost when thinner etc.)
-vol. of water
-thickness of cotton wool
-depth of the thermometer in the water
-avoid droughts
Examples of insulators that you can wrap things with:
-bubble wrap
-fiberglass
Styrofoam is a good insulator , however you cannot wrap it around things as it breaks easily.
inaccuracy of ray box method: thickness of rays.
inaccuracy of pin method: pins not straight, or too close, or thickness of lines drawn.
Symbol for extension is 'x' or 'e'.
A ruler is called a 'rule'.
ALWAYS ROUND TO 3.SIG.FIGS.
To improve accuracy, put pins in the light ray experiment FURTHER APART to avoid parallax error. So, I I I is better than I I I (where I is the pins)
Precautions for circuit readings of I and V so that accurate:
For I specifically :
-limit current so that temp. doesn't increase
-use a tapping meter
For I and V: Switch off between readings.
θ this is the symbol for Celsius temp. (theta)
T this is the symbol for Kelvin temp.
In light ray experiment, lengths are in mm.
Fair test for pendelum experiments:
-length of pendelum
-shape of bob
-no. of swings
-amplitude
If a statement is 'directly proportional', the justification would always be , ''straight line that goes through the origin''.
If you're comparing the extensions of springs of different materials, certain things have to be the same:
-the cross-section of the springs
-the length of the springs
-no. of coils
-range of loads
-length of wire
How to reduce the heating effect of current:
-Add a variable resistor
-reduce current
-reduce voltage or power
-switch off between readings
Precautions for focal length experiments:
-do it in a darkened room
-clamp ruler to bench
-avoid parallax error when reading the lengths
-make sure that the obejct/lense/screen are all perpendicular to bench.
-and of course, repeats.
A question one came up and asked to draw a diagram of a load on a ruler on a pivot. Well, this meant that the ruler was unbalanced, and so this means that when you draw it, you must show that the ruler is tilted.
DON'T FORGET TO WRITE DOWN THE UNITS AFTER EACH ANSWER!!
An important precaution for spring experiments is to wait for the spring to stop moving and then record the length.
source: balloonsandhighlighters
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how are fungi , viruses and bacteria adapted to their envoirnment ?
sme1 plz ans cnt find it in book
sme1 plz ans cnt find it in book