- Messages
- 286
- Reaction score
- 550
- Points
- 103
Useful Formulas for the IGCSE Physical Science Examinations
General Physics
Formula in Symbols ------------------ Formula in Wordsv = d / t ------ speed = total distance / total time
w = m x g ------ weight = mass x acceleration of gravity
a = v / t ------ acceleration = change in speed / change in time
d = m / v -------- density = mass / volume
F = m x a ------- force = mass x acceleration
x = k x F ------- extension = a constant x load
W = F x d ------- work = force x distance
p.e. = m x g x h ------- potential energy = mass x acceleration of gravity x height
k.e. = ½ x m x v2 ------- kinetic energy = ½ x mass x velocity squared
e = Eout / Ein x 100% ------- energy efficiency = energy output / energy input x 100%
E = W -------------- energy used = work done
E = m x c2 ------- energy of a nuclear reaction = mass x speed of light squared
P = E / t ------- power = energy / time
For Specific heat capacity---- q = mCT.
q = heat in Joules
m = mass in grams
C = specific heat capacity
T = Temperature change in Celsius
Physics of Waves
Formula in Symbols ------------------ Formula in Words
c = f x l ------- speed of a wave = frequency x wavelength
i = r ------- angle of incidence = angle of reflection
n = sin i / sin r ------- index of refraction = sine of incident angle / sine of refracted angle
Electricity and Magnetism
Formula in Symbols ------------------ Formula in WordsI = Q / t ------- current = charge / time
R = V / I ------- resistance = potential difference / current
R = k x l / A ------- resistance = a constant x length / cross sectional area
R = R1 + R2 ------- resistances in series add together
1 / R = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 ------- reciprocals of resistances in parallel add together
I = I1 + I2 ------- currents in parallel add together
Iin = Iout ------- total current into a point = total current out of a point
V = V1 + V2 ------- voltage of source = sum of all voltage drops in a circuit
P = I x V ------- power used in an electric circuit = current x voltage
E = I x V x t ------- energy used in an electric circuit = current x voltage x time
Vp = Np ------- voltage in primary coil = number of turns in primary coil
Vs = Ns voltage in secondary coil number of turns in secondary coil
Vp x Ip = Vs x Is ------- power in primary coil = power in secondary coil (for a perfect transformer)
Geometry
Formula in Symbols ------------------ Formula in Wordsa = s2 ------- area of a square = length of side squared
a = l x w ------- area of a rectangle = length x width
a = ½ x b x h ------- area of a triangle = ½ x base x height
a = p x r2 ------- area of a circle = Pi x radius squared
v = s3 ------- volume of cube = length of side cubed
v = l x w x h ------- volume of cuboid = length x width x height
v = p x r2 x h ------- volume of cylinder = Pi x radius squared x height
You should be able to solve equations with three variables for any variable.
For example, if a = b x c, then b = a / c and c = a / b.
Formulas in bold are for core. Other formulas are extended, but they also help for many core questions.
NOW THE UNITS !!!!!
PLEASE EVERYONE LIKE THIS IF IT GAVE YOU ANY BENEFIT
