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A level Biology: Post your doubts here!

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Please post a guess, important topics or anything important
Please help !!!!!
I'm very nervous for the exam tomorrow
The whole syllabus is important...the past papers are basically not very important if you are thorough with the whole course.. And have Faith, don't get nervous..inshAllah you'll do awesome. Read the duas posted on the "chat" forum...they're pretty helpful:)
 
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The whole syllabus is important...the past papers are basically not very important if you are thorough with the whole course.. And have Faith, don't get nervous..inshAllah you'll do awesome. Read the duas posted on the "chat" forum...they're pretty helpful:)
Thanks for the wishes
 
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Describe a reflex arc and explain why reflex arcs are important...

some1 pls write the answer: markscheme given below

Irfan1995 knowitall10


strong stimulus in receptor / AW ;
action potential / impulses, along sensory neurone ;
dorsal root of spinal nerve ;
into spinal cord ;
synapse with intermediate neurone ;
(then) motor neurone ;
action potential / impulses, to effector ;
action potential / impulses, to brain ;
response ; e.g. knee jerk 5 max can be on diagram
fast / immediate ;
stops / limits, damage / danger ;
automatic / no conscious thought ;
innate / stereotyped / instinctive

If a stimulus is strong enough to exceed a certain threshold, it will stimulate the formation of an action potential in the sensory neurones. It will travel along the axon through the dorsal root of the spinal nerve where it will synapse with an intermediate/relay neurone. Rather than allowing the signal to pass through the brain (as in normal impulses), the reflex will synapse once again to a motor neurone, transferring the action potential there. The motor neurone will send the action potential to the effector to act immediately.
This route is much shorter than the normal route, hence the response will be immediate. This is necessary to remove the source of danger as soon as possible to prevent further damage. As the route skips the brain completely, we are not aware of the action until after a while, hence a reflex action might be termed as "innate".
 
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1) The food web only contains organisms, not abiotic factors such as sunlight, nutrient levels, and oxygen concentrations.

2) If the substrate concentration is high, then there will be a much higher chance that the enzyme would bind to the substrate rather than the (competitive) inhibitor.
If the inhibitor is non-competitive, then it would perform its inhibiting functions regardless of the concentration of the substrate.
So to maximize the initial rate of reaction, the substrate concentration must be high, and the inhibitor must be competitive.

3) The magnification depends on the lens only. If the same microscope is used, then the magnification will not change regardless of the light used.
The maximum resolution is related to the wavelength. From physics, we know that two points could be resolved (in a microscope) if the image is larger than half the wavelength.
Using green light, the minimum length of a specimen to be just resolved is 510/2 = 260 nm
Using red light, the minimum length of a specimen to be just resolved is 650/2 = 325 nm
The specimen has to be bigger in order to be resolved (seen clearly) using red light. So by definition, resolution decreases with red light.

Hope that made sense!
 
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The whole syllabus is important...the past papers are basically not very important if you are thorough with the whole course.. And have Faith, don't get nervous..inshAllah you'll do awesome. Read the duas posted on the "chat" forum...they're pretty helpful:)
Hey could u post the link to the duas in the chat forum please? :) :p
 
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the po
As far as I know, foot = podocyte

Also, it's really rare to find 2006 questions in the new syllabus; there's a completely different form of questions now.
check the question again the podocyte is labled in the digram this is not podocyte ! thank you so much for your reply for paper 4 past papers before 07 it contains the core syllabus only having some repeated questions in the new exams
 
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