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Cl2 + 2kBR
Cl2 is a covalent molecule.
Chlorine gas consists of Cl2 molecules, which are far apart. That is what we call an element.
Potassium Bromide is an ionic compound, with the formula --> KBr.
This formula was calculated using the swapping of valencies method. K+ and Br-
You swap the valencies and you get KBr.
Now, the reaction is Cl2 + 2KBr.
Chlorine gas is reacting with Potassium Bromide. Now, this is a displacement reaction. Chlorine is more reactive that Bromine, so Chlorine will displace Bromine from Potassium Bromide and Bromine will be released separately.
The full reaction is:
Cl2 + KBr --> KCl + Br2
Chlorine + Potassium Bromide --> Potassium Chloride + Bromine.
When we balance this equation, we add 2 with KBr, as there are two Br on the right hand side.
And we add 2 with KCl as there are two K and two Cl on the left hand side.
This is called BALANCING in Chemistry.
Due to this BALANCING, we get those numbers with the formulas.
Hope you understand now!