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Biology; Chemistry; Physics: Post your doubts here!

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why the test tube is washed with tap water, then with distilled water and then with hydrogencarbonate indicator to investigate gaseous exchange during photosynthesis, i cant get the logic behind in washing the testube with three diff solutions

Tap water contains contaminents. We make sure that there are no contaminents left by washing with distilled water. And the hydrogen carbonate is used to check for presence of CO2 as it's yellow in presence of CO2 and red in absense.
 
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how can we show phloem carries material from leaves to other parts of plant? :(

A sample of radioactive carbon is given to the plant.
The plant undergoes photosynthesis and sugar formed contain radiaoctive carbon.
The stem is then cut and exposed to X-Ray Photographic film.
It's found that the outer region in vascular bundles carry those sugars.
The outer region in vasuclar bundle is phloem.

There's also the Ringing Experiment.
 
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A sample of radioactive carbon is given to the plant.
The plant undergoes photosynthesis and sugar formed contain radiaoctive carbon.
The stem is then cut and exposed to X-Ray Photographic film.
It's found that the outer region in vascular bundles carry those sugars.
The outer region in vasuclar bundle is phloem.

There's also the Ringing Experiment.
i was originally asking about the ringing experiment :p
 
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i was originally asking about the ringing experiment :p
A complete ring of bark is cut off including phloem and cambium from a stem. Place the twig in water with the exposed part underneath water.
Prepare another twig has a cut ring that has a cut ring above the water level
Observe the twigs
It is found that the twigs die and there's a swelling near the cut-off areas.
This is beacuase phloem does not reach the parts of the plants (roots) and is collected near the cut-off area.
 
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