chem appps!!!!

[WellWIshER]

guys can i get some help on x-ray crystallography???

and electrophoresis


i dont get it even 4rm the cie booklet


thanx.

 

[CaptainDanger]

Did not you get something out if google about it?

 

[WellWIshER]

no ididnt!!!


anyone!!!!

 

[intel1993]

Electrophoresis:

In this a polyacrylamide gel is mounted on the horizontal plastic rod. . Polyacrylamide gel is hydrophobic and is therefore suitable for the use because both the gel and proteins have amide linkages so the proteins remains soluble in it.Ph is kept constant.The mixture is spotted on a short line at the centre of the support
In the mixture, there r many components even it can be a cation ,anion or a zwitterion...
When high voltage is applied across the spot , different components move in different directions according to the nature of their charges . Then the they are compared with the results of the known compounds and hence the compound is identified...

The rates of the movement of components depends on:

1)Density of Charge
2)Molecular Size and Molar Mass of Amino acids
3)Molecular Shape
4)Temperature

 

[intel1993]

X-Ray Crystallography:

It is a technique widely used to deduce the structures of inorganic crystals as well as organic crustals such as DNA..
It is based on the diffraction of Xrays by layers of atoms in crystal resulting in the formation of a pattern of spots of light,The pattern uis then transfered to a photographic film and thne structure is analysed...

Comparison of NMR and X-ray Crystallography:

NMR shows the position of protons by the help of chemical shift.

Xray crystallography shows the position of most atoms in structure and used for trhe measurement of bond length..


**This info is enough to to attempt the pastpapers........

 

[CaptainDanger]

Thanks.. I was going to google it for him or her... But you helped...

 

[intel1993]

btw gioogle wont help him because google will shiow more than the application buklet so jb buklet mai hi itna zayda hai den info from google will ahem ahem....

 

[CaptainDanger]

Oh lol... Alright... Thnks again then!

 

[WellWIshER]

thanx to the power of infinity!

btw is tht only required.


and 1 more thing dude wt r we suppose to learn abt nanotechnology 4rm da booklet.????

it always says "search da web"

 

[intel1993]

@wellwisher:
There is nothing to learn from the nanotechnolgy except the diameter of carbon nanotubes and its properties bt the question based on it r very strong they r the general questions and i also had many prblms in it so cant help u in that......

 

[princesszahra]

@wellwisher
things written in the application booklet are more than enough.
if u just want to understand the techinque ,then see this .even this is more
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0x2Lh5Rq8e0

u just need to know that 1.the heavier the particle ,it moves slowly
2. -ve ions move to +ve side!!!

 

[WellWIshER]

guys what should we know abt genetic fingerprinting??

i dont noe wat to leanr 4rm da booklet

there is too much

 

[kahynickel]

For P4 Applications

1- The principle of genetic fingerprinting should be known. (in terms of VNTRs)

2- The principle of H-NMR is must. (N.07)

3- As for nanotechnology learn the basics:

a) The properties of the materials at NANO scale are different from bulk materials. This brings TWO different properties in nanomaterials. The nano particle will have a larger surface area as compared to its bulk size due to which nanomaterials reacts viloently. This may lead to their uses as catalysts.

b) The second effect is the quantum effect. It leads to nanomaterials having different physical properties such as mechanical strength, insulating properties, ductility, malebility etc.

RISK ASSOCIATED WITH NANOMATERIALS:

Therefore nanomaterials need to be handled in different manner since they are too reactive. 1) If commercial products which are widely used have workers then their safety is at risk since nanomaterials react faster they can penetrate into the skin since they are very tiny. they can effect the DNA and may mutate it and thus cause cancer. An example is Asbestos which have been found responsible for such acts. Another example are sunscreens which employs TiO2 as reflective entity which protects us from sunlight. (Fe2O3 is also used).

2)Another inevitable danger is that they may explode while being used.

REMEDY

1- The level of hazard should be quantified. ( A full risk-assessment is done)

2- The products which are found to be hazardous should be banned from public use.

3- A public-awareness program should be initiated.

4- The research and development is this area should not made public unless the production of a non-toxic, innocuous and better products are done.

It is hoped that the structures of Diamond, graphite and Buckyballs should be known (J.7 Q.9)

Don't be intimidated by nanotechnology questions Keep one thing in mind: Apply ur chemistry.

Good luck.

 

[workinghard]

guys what should we know abt genetic fingerprinting??

i dont noe wat to leanr 4rm da booklet

there is too much

r u givin bio A2?

 

[WellWIshER]

no thts da problem!!!


i am not a bio student

 

[workinghard]

okies
have 2 agree!
dat is a problem
but u may wanna give it a try
ask some bio student 2 lend u dere maryjones/ cie endorsed book and u give a chapter of gene technology a read
where dey describe finger printing and electrophoresis
and if not dat go through some ppr ques from topical ... solved and u ll no wat 2 do about dese HOPEFULLY
bol!

 

[princesszahra]

well u need not know alot at fingerprinting! all u need to know is that it works on the principle of electrophoresis!
and that we can make out the genetic sequence and u need to know how to check whether the two codes r same or diffrent ! thats it!

 

[asma tareen]

agha saad 22

 

[agha saad 22]

Electrophoresis:

In this a polyacrylamide gel is mounted on the horizontal plastic rod. . Polyacrylamide gel is hydrophobic and is therefore suitable for the use because both the gel and proteins have amide linkages so the proteins remains soluble in it.Ph is kept constant.The mixture is spotted on a short line at the centre of the support
In the mixture, there r many components even it can be a cation ,anion or a zwitterion...
When high voltage is applied across the spot , different components move in different directions according to the nature of their charges . Then the they are compared with the results of the known compounds and hence the compound is identified...
The rates of the movement of components depends on:

1)Density of Charge
2)Molecular Size and Molar Mass of Amino acids
3)Molecular Shape
4)Temperature

asma tareen thats wat i was lookin foe thank u :* :'* :* :* :'D

 

[asma tareen]

No problm

asma tareen thats wat i was lookin foe thank u :* :'* :* :* :'D