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6.3 Potential energy and kinetic energy
(c) distinguish between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy
Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are two different forms of energies that a particle can have.
The main difference between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy is that:
(a) the origin of gravitational potential energy is the gravitational forces acting between two massive bodies, whereas
(b) the origin of elastic potential energy is the electrostatic forces between molecules that make up a material.
7.1 Kinematics of uniform circular motion
(a) define the radian and express angular displacement in radians
One radian (rad) is defined as the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal
in length to the radius of the circle.
8.2 Gravitational force between point masses
(a) understand that, for a point outside a uniform sphere, the mass of
the sphere may be considered to be a point mass at its centre
10.2 Kinetic theory of gases
a) infer from a Brownian motion experiment the evidence for the movement of molecules
In 1827 the biologist Robert Brown was observing, under a microscope, tiny pollen grains suspended in water. He saw that the grains were always in a jerky, haphazard motion, even though the water was completely still. This movement is now called Brownian motion.
If we make the assumption that the water molecules are in rapid, random motion, then it is easy to see how the pollen grains could move so jerkily under the random bombardment, from all sides, of the water molecules. We can also reproduce Brownian motion by observing the motion of tiny soot particles in smoke. These particles, too, move in the jerky manner of Brown’s pollen grains. Thus it seems that the molecules of both gases and liquids are in the rapid, random motion as required by the molecular model. Nearly a century later, Einstein made a theoretical analysis of Brownian motion and, from the masses and distances moved by the suspended particles, was able to estimate that the diameter of a typical atom is of the order of 10^−10 m.
11.3 Practical thermometers
(a) compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of thermistor and thermocouple thermometers as previously calibrated instruments
12.1 Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
a) explain using a simple kinetic model for matter:
• the structure of solids, liquids and gases
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6.3 Potential energy and kinetic energy
(c) distinguish between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy
Gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy are two different forms of energies that a particle can have.
The main difference between gravitational potential energy and elastic potential energy is that:
(a) the origin of gravitational potential energy is the gravitational forces acting between two massive bodies, whereas
(b) the origin of elastic potential energy is the electrostatic forces between molecules that make up a material.
7.1 Kinematics of uniform circular motion
(a) define the radian and express angular displacement in radians
One radian (rad) is defined as the angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc equal
in length to the radius of the circle.
8.2 Gravitational force between point masses
(a) understand that, for a point outside a uniform sphere, the mass of
the sphere may be considered to be a point mass at its centre
10.2 Kinetic theory of gases
a) infer from a Brownian motion experiment the evidence for the movement of molecules
In 1827 the biologist Robert Brown was observing, under a microscope, tiny pollen grains suspended in water. He saw that the grains were always in a jerky, haphazard motion, even though the water was completely still. This movement is now called Brownian motion.
If we make the assumption that the water molecules are in rapid, random motion, then it is easy to see how the pollen grains could move so jerkily under the random bombardment, from all sides, of the water molecules. We can also reproduce Brownian motion by observing the motion of tiny soot particles in smoke. These particles, too, move in the jerky manner of Brown’s pollen grains. Thus it seems that the molecules of both gases and liquids are in the rapid, random motion as required by the molecular model. Nearly a century later, Einstein made a theoretical analysis of Brownian motion and, from the masses and distances moved by the suspended particles, was able to estimate that the diameter of a typical atom is of the order of 10^−10 m.
11.3 Practical thermometers
(a) compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of thermistor and thermocouple thermometers as previously calibrated instruments
12.1 Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
a) explain using a simple kinetic model for matter:
• the structure of solids, liquids and gases
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