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HISTORY-LAST MIN REVISION-SUMMARIZED

XRahat2012

XRahat2012

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Awesome awesome awesome notes but would have been a lot better if you had compiled them in (a) ".txt" file(s) (& then in a ".zip" file) & then simply uploaded it!

If you do it, it would be a lot easier to download these awesome notes!

Thank you very much for the notes!
 
zohra`xo

zohra`xo

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mercedes008 said:
thanks to the guy who did all that, the site had advs and was divided into alot of pages + useless adv stuff, so had to copy paste a hell lot, but anyways do you guys want me to write proper answers for all your questions section 1 and 2, then ask away i ll do em by mark scheme
Click to expand...
Have you done this if so can i haave the link please?:))
 
A

annorel

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if u gather all the stuff in a folder then we may copy it and save it with us.
:unsure: ummm if u can do it?
 
Momin_khan

Momin_khan

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mercedes008 said:
PAKISTAN STUDIES : HISTORY REVISION NOTES


Fall of Mughal Empire

Reasons
· The collapse of the Mansabdari System.
The local rulers that were ruling the parts of Mughal Empire on behalf of the Mughals started rising after the death of Aurangzeb as there was not strong ruler in Dehli.

· The religious policies of the Aurangzeb
The religious policies of Aurangzeb such as ban on Suttee, Gambling, and drinking wine offended the large Hindu contingent of the Mughal Empire.

· Arrival of the British
The British soon became strong as there was no check on their activities from a strong ruler in the centre. They also attracted the people by bring new innovations to the infrastructure in India. Not only this they also assisted the local rulers to rise against the Mughals and weaken the foundation of the Empire.

·Foreign intruders like the Persians Nadir Shah and Ahmad Shah Abdali.
The Persians has been looking forward to the weakening Mughal Empire since the death of Aurangzeb and Nadir Shah seized the opportunity to plunder the Mughal Empire in 1738. AD

· Wars of Succession between the Mughal Royal Family. The continuous practice of the Mughal princes to fight with each other for the throne after thedeath of the emperor inflicted multiple wounds for the empire including the loss of precious lives, empire leading to bankruptcy and the revealing all its weakness to the enemies with in and abroad.

War of Independence 1857
Failure
· Lack of Coordination
There was no coordination what so ever among the rebels. The lack of national leaders during the war was yet another reason for the war to fail. The rebels did not have any coordination and could not communicate and the need of reinforcements was also not fulfilled when ever required.

· No general plan of action
The rebels were fairly disorganized and there fore did not have contingency plans in case the actual plans failed. On the other hand the British were very well prepared and far more organized to win the war. The war started and continued in an abrupt manner and even ended in a disorganized manner.
Uprising at Meerut, Bengal
The simultaneous uprising at the Bengal and Meerut cantonments caused problems for the rebels and forced them to divert their attention from the main stream of war.


· British were able to conquer Delhi
The British were very quick in responding to the attacks of the rebels and captured Dehli with in few month of fighting. This was a major set back to the rebels as the fall of Delhi was a psychological factor that helped the British to over power the rebels.

· British Strength
The British were experienced and had well-equipped troops unlike the rebels. The level of discipline, organization and planning for counterattacks was far better than the rebels and became a major difference between the two. Diplomacy, bribery and the communities to fight on another side with British were also some important reason that caused the failure of the rebels in the war of independence. Furthermore the technology and modern warfare tactics also helped the British to overpower the rebels in such a small time.

· Lack of Unity
1. Fighting for different objectives.
2. Weak Mughal Emperor had no concern for leading the war.
3. No nationalism (Sindh, Punjab, Bengal)

Causes
· Military Causes
1. Greased Cartridge incident.
2. Officer rank was British only. Pay scales differed.
3. Soldiers feared they might be forced to convert.
4. Loose cast didn’t want to fight in Afghanistan

· Religious/Social Problems
1. Resentment of British culture, language and way of life
2. Indians were treated inferior
3. Educational reforms, Christianity spread by missionaries and their schools.

Doctrine of Lapse
1. Doctrine of Lapse
2. Mistreatment of Emperor
3. Lack of opportunities for the locals of India.
· Economic
1. High taxes, peasants found it difficult to pay them
2. Low salary of sepoys
3. British textiles – fall in the standard and scale of local goods.
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awsome work bro !!! but last two chapter for section 1 is missing and that are sir syed ahmed khan & languages... thankx/ :)
 
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