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[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write an account on major difficulty encounter by
1) Muhammad (S.A.W)
2) His Followers
During the years they lived in Makkah
Answer:
i) Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) Undoubtedly our Holy Prophet (S.A.W) who faced such circumstances like oppossition and persecution by the unbeliever. When the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was ordered by Allah to preach openly, as the Holy Quran Say’s “therefore, declare openly to them, what you are commanded and turned away from the pagans “(15:94). The Holy Muhammad (S.A.W) went to Mount Safa and called on to the people of Quraish and warned them by giving the message of Allah his uncle Abu Lahb and his wife Umme Jameel scolded the Prophet (S.A.W) and all of the Quraish rejected the preaching of Muhammad (S.A.W).
Abu Lahb’s Wife Umme Jameel used to throw thorny bushes and thorn on the path of Holy Muhammad (S.A.W). The Quraish, who ones respected and adored him, now turned his bitterest enemies. An old women regular threw filth and garbage on the face of Holy Muhammad (S.A.W) whenever he was busy in prayer , the Quraishites driven by insane ambitions , they even pelted stones at him and severed him with several abuses whenever he use to pass by. Once when the Holy Muhammad (S.A.W) was preaching in Ukaz Fair, Abu Lahb came from behind and shouted “O people of Quraish! He is my nephew, don’t listen to him he is a poet, insane, soothsayer and a magician, stay away from him” (Ibn-Hisham Seerah 1/287).
Once the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was praying a man by the name Uqbah- Bin- Muait came from behind and strangled him Abu Bakr (R.A) was nearby He came and released from the grip of Uqba-Bin-Muait and the people of Quraish started beating Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) so much that his own clan people took him to his house. Abu Jahl once said to his friends that he would split the head of Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W) by throwing a stone when he would offer prayer. On the following morning he approached with a stone in his hand he suddenly stopped and terrified, and he rushed back to his friends swearing that he had seen a huge camel stallion who appeared to attack and eat him. Pagens used all their tactics to dissuade Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) from spreading the message of Islam. They even tried to bribe him by giving temptation to his uncle Abu Talib that If Muhammad (S.A.W) wanted to be king of Quraish they will make him; if he wanted the wealth we will make him the richest man in Mecca, if he wanted to marry the most beautiful girl in Arab we will give her to Muhammad (S.A.W). The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in response said to his uncle that they cannot stop me preaching Islam by simply given these temptations then the Quraish again came to his uncle and this time they threatened Abu Talib that if he didn’t stop Muhhammad (S.A.W) from preaching new faith they will hurt Muhammad (S.A.W) Abu Talib said to Muhammad (S.A.W) “O my brother’s son if u didn’t stop I am afraid that they will hurt you” the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) emotionally replied “O uncle if you put the sun in my right hand the moon in my left hand I will not stop preaching the message until Allah takes my life”(Sahih Al-Bukhari) .
When all the tactics and strategies of the Quraish failed, they went on for socio-economic boycott against Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his clan Banu Hasim along with his followers and sent them out of Makkah to Shaib-e-Abi Talib where he stayed for about 2-3 years without food and water except when if the caravans were passing by they gave them some provisions. Finally, the boycott was lifted and when he came back to Makkah first his wife Hazrat Bibi Khadija (R.A) died and after few months his protector and helper in the course of Islam his beloved uncle Abu Talib also died in 619 A.D. Now the Prophet (S.A.W) was defenseless and more vulnerable to the opposition and persecution by the Quraish as Abu Lahab became the leader of Quraish. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) thought that now their times to go outside of Makkah to preach Islam as the Quraish were not accepting him. The nearest town was about 60 miles from Makkah and the holy Prophet (S.A.W) walked all the way to the city of Al-Taif. He met with the rulers of Taif which were of Banu Thaqeef. When the holy Prophet preached them, they first laughed and scolded him and then they asked the mean people like teenagers, and the women to drive him out of Taif by throwing stones at him and he bled from head to toe and had to come back to Makkah. All these measures of opposition and persecution were taken by the Quraish were solely aimed at harming the growth of Islam, and his success as a Prophet of Allah Al-Mighty.
(ii) His Followers Whenever the Quraish heard the conversion of a man of high birth the powerful friends he would degrade his prudent and intellects, undermine his judgment; and threatened him with dire consequences if he was a merchant. If the new converts was socially weak without any back of clan they would beat them ruthlessly and put them to unspeakable tortures [Ibn-e Hisham vol.1 page 320]. Like Hazrat Bilal bin Rabbah (R.A) an African slave from Abasiniya accepted Islam. His master Ummaya bin Khalf make him lie on scorching sand with heavy boulder on his chest, and than he was dragged until his back was totally injured. Sometimes Ummaya bin Khalf put the rope around the neck of Hazrat Bilal (R.A) and gave the rope to small kids and they used to drag him on the streets of Makkah.
Hazrat Khaba bin Al-Arat (R.A) who was a blacksmith, the Quraish forced hazrat Al- Arat (R.A) to lay on the hot baking wood which made his back so harden like a dead sheep . Another victim of high handedness of Quraish was Ammar bin Yasir (R.A) a freed slave of Bani Makhzoom. He, along with his mother and father accepted Islam was repeatedly made to lie on the burning sand. Hazrat Ammar (R.A) was at time tossed up on embers. Yasir (R.A) he was torn into two parts and he became the first martyr in Islam. Hazrat Bibi Sumaiyah (R.A) Ammar’s mother was slain when Abu Jahl pierced a spear into her private part and she became the also became the first martyr of Islam and first female martyr of Islam. Hazrat Ammar (R.A) himself was subjected to various modes of torture like lashing him, suffocating him with rope around his neck and personal physical hand used torture.
Abu Faki-Aflah a freed slave of Bani Abd Dar. The oppressors used to fasten his feet with the rope and drag him in the streets of Makkah. Some poor Muslims ,inrank and position were wrapped in the raw skins of camel and throw them away and others were put in armors and cast on burning sand in the scorching sand of Arabia. Even the women converts were not shown mercy and the list is too long to include all of them but to mention here specially are hazrat Bibi Zinrah un-Nahdiyah and her daughter Umm Ubais (R.A) they were tortured by the quraish to such an extended that they were blinded. The rich companions were also subjected to persecution like Abu Bakr (R.A) was scolded by Quraisites and even on one occasion when he was protecting holy Prophet (S.A.W) he was beaten to such an extent that he was taken to his home by his own people. Hazrat Usman (R.A) was handcuffed and trapped in the room without food for many days. Hazrat Zubair (R.A) was folded in burning mattress by his uncle to suffocate him.
The Quraish even took the livelihoods of all the poor who were persecuted. This persecution of the companions of the Prophet (S.A.W) was very hard on him so he gave permission to these companions to migrate to Abasiniya for their protection by the king of Abasiniya Najashi who was a just king. The first migrants were 15 people and the second batch because of this persecution consisted of more than 100 people. The companions of the holy Prophet (S.A.W), who were tortured, killed, and their livelihoods were taken and even many went to migration. Through all this torture and weariness the companions of holy Prophet (S.A.W) stood fast on their grounds along with holy Prophet (S.A.W) supported him side by side and never accepted ever again the idol worshipping and they patiently adore all the persecution.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write down the Importance of the Prophet's (S.A.W) Migration from Makah to Medina? [10]
Answer: The great migration of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) from Mecca to Medina has an enjoyable and elevated position in Islam. That is why it is considered to mark the beginning of the Muslim era. The first year of Hijra marked the birth of Muslim calendar; the circumstances prevailing at Mecca did not allow Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to organize and trained the Muslim community and Islam could not be openly propagated, nor could the Muslims be trained to act upon the principals of Islam, and organized into one united God fearing community. However in Medina the Muslim community was organized trained under the leadership of Prophet (S.A.W). This increased its strength and influence in the face of all other community. The growth of Islam which occurred slowly in Mecca now flourished Medina casting a global impact on human thinking. The influence of Islam spread worldwide after Hijra. Millions of individuals reformed their pattern of thinking, and passed on the massage of Islam to their future generations. This gave a new direction to human thought for all times to come.
Hijra to Medina led to the development of an Islamic state which was the first of its kind in the history of Islam. This sent an ideal example to all other Muslim states, for all times to come, of a perfect Islamic state based completely on Islamic injunctions. Surah Doha, which was revealed before Hijra, gave glad tidings to Prophet (S.A.W) of a bright future and so much success that he shall be well pleased. This good news was partially in context of the triumph of Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W) would face follow his migration to Madinah.
Therefore, Prophet's migration (S.A.W) Allah's promises turning into reality. Hijra to Madinah allowed the Muslims to learn and pursue the fields of arts, science, medicine, mathematics etc, and prosper whereas in Mecca, the Muslims were prejudiced and treated as a suppressed community due to which they could not progress. In fact, it was the theories presented by the Muslims regarding various subjects which form the basis of many of the developments we see today. After Hijra, the Muslims attained strength and power. Hijra was a flight from which was virtually a prison to a blessed land, where Muslims were able to establish themselves, exercise dominance over the land, and rule justly and rightly over others.
During the period of Muslim sufferings in Makkah, and infliction of torture by the Quraish upon the early Muslims, many Non-Muslims who held a hidden desire into their heart to embrace Islam, feared to openly declare the acceptance of Islam. However, after Hijra, people entered the new faith in groups without reluctance and hesitation. By migrating to Madinah, and rendering compliance to the will of Allah, the Muslims proved themselves as faithful servants of Allah. They left behind their families, friends, relatives, property, employments etc, and migrated to Madinah just for the sake of Allah, Islam and the Prophet (S.A.W) of Islam. This clearly showed the affection and the spirit of sacrifice the Muslims had in their hearts for their Lord, which uplifted their status in the eyes of Allah and paved their way to everlasting victory.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write a note on Charter of Madina/ write down about the relationship between Prophet and the Jews of Madina when Prophet came to Madina?
Answer: Soon after emigrating to Madina and making sure that the pillars of the new Islamic community was well established on strong bases of administrarive, political and ideological unity, the Prophet (S.A.W) commenced to establish regular and clearly-defined relations with non-Muslims. One of the first acts of Rasulullah (S.A.W) after arriving in Madinah was to weld together the different tribes and conflicting groups of people of which the city and its suburbs were made up of, into an orderly confederation. It was Rasulullah(S.A.W)'s greatest desire that there should be peace and harmony in Madinah and the Muslims should be able to pursue the worship of Allah without hindrance from any quarter. At the same time he desired that others of different faiths should be able to live their own lives freely and peacefully.
Rasulullah (S.A.W) exerted all his efforts in every direction to achieve stability and harmony in Madinah in order to propagate his Divine Message. As a precaution against any unforeseen confrontation, particularly from the Jewish people, Rasulullah (S.A.W) drew up a 'Treaty' which was signed by every ethnic group of Madinah, including the influential Jews.
The most important clauses of this Treaty were:
1.This is a document from Muhammed (S.A.W) the Rasul of Allah governing the relations between the believers and Muslims of the Quraish and Madinah and those who joined, and followed and laboured (fought) with them.
2. All the inhabitants of Madinah will be considered as one nation.
3. To the Jews who follow us belong help and equality. He shall not be wronged nor shall his enemies be aided.
4. The Jews shall have their freedom of their religion without any interference from anyone.
5. It shall be the duty of the members of this 'treaty' to defend their allies from any attacks from the enemies of Madinah.
6. No non-Muslim member shall give any assistance or protection to the Quraish of Makkah who were virtually at war with the Muslims.
7. The people of Madinah shall not interfere with the life or religion of each other.
8. They must seek mutual advice and consultation, and loyalty is a protection against treachery.
9. It shall be the duty of everyone to assist the poor and the oppressed.
10. Massacres and killing shall be strictly forbidden.
11. The parties and the 'Treaty' shall be responsible for the maintenance and peace and the valley of Madinah shall be a sanctuary for the people of this document.
12. If any dispute or controversy likely to cause trouble should arise, it must be referred to Allah and to Muhammed (S.A.W) the messenger of Allah. A death-blow was thus given to that lawless custom of the Arabs, which had till now obliged the aggrieved and the injured to rely upon his own or the poor of his kinsmen in order to take vengeance or satisfy the requirement of justice. This document made Rasulullah (S.A.W) the chief magistrate of the nation.
Question: importance of the charter of Madinah? [4]
Answer: Due to this charter of Madinah, the relation between the Muslims and the Jews were regulated and basis for governance of Madinah was provided .this charter also established Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)’s position in Madinah as leader and head of the state of Madinah. Prophet (S.A.W) came to be organized as undisputed leader, judge, ruler and commander of Madinah. A glimpse on the way Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) dealt with the Jews, showed absolute justice and reflect Islamic supreme principles in dealings of Prophet (S.A.W) to the Jews. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) tried hard to achieve co-existence between Muslims and Jews. This was a unique experience of co-exixtence in majority and minority in all times and places. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)’s concern regarding developing the first charter was a unique precedent.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Describe the Prophet’s conduct as a leader in two of the battles he fought. [10]
Answer: Allah says in the Holy Quran to Prophet (S.A.W) in Surah Al- Imran Verse number 121 “And (remember) when you (Muhammad SAW) left your household in the morning to post the believers at their stations for the battle. And Allah is All-Hearer, All-Knower.” Holy Prophet (S.A.W) fought many battles. Some historians say he fought 27, among these 9 are the once in which he commanded himself and Allah (S.W.T) mentioned in the Holy Quran with praise and that he sent angels to stood by the side of this greatest warrior like in battle of Badr and Al-Ahzab in the form of wind storm. The brilliance of the strategies the Prophet (S.A.W) used as the Commander-in-Chief cannot be ignored even in the context of modern day warfare. The very first martial tactics employed by the small Islamic State in its infancy were remarkably well organized and disciplined, for example:
Battle of Badr: When Mohammad (S.A.W) received the commandments about Jihad he started intercepting the caravans of the Quraish as they were of immense importance which could help them economically and as it too was a strategy of our beloved Prophet (S.A.W) and he knew all the trade routes before he arrived to Madinah. The immediate reason for Battle of Badr was the caravan of Abu Sufyan. Holy Prophet (S.A.W) posted two men near the caravan route to keep as insurgency war tactic. However Abu Sufyan sends his messenger Dumdum to Makkah; he raised a loud cry and literally shook the whole city. An army of 1,000 men, under the leadership of Abu Jahl, immediately took a course to reach the caravan. When the news of the Quraishites camping reached Muhammad (S.A.W), used to he held a council of war with the companions. Muhammad (S.A.W) used a military formation called a phalanx. Muhammad (PBUH) employed superior tactics and denied the Quraish water and kept their faces towards the sun. His companions carried out every order of his without any hesitation because of the confidence and trust of Mohammad (S.A.W). Muhammad (S.A.W) used to ask help from Allah (S.W.T) all the times in battles as he did spent the night in Badr and prayed to Allah:
“O Lord! Forget not Thy promise of assistance. If this little band were to perish, there will be none to offer unto thee pure worship.” (Sahih Al-Bukhari)
Though the number of Muslim combatants (313) was one-third that of the infidel forces (1000), he said to his Sahaba in the battle of Badr when his Mujahedeen were a bit afraid of the anxiety and large number of the non-believers, the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) conduct at that time to boost up the morale of his soldiers by telling them and pointing them that there is Jibrael (A.S) with his army waiting for you all to fight, and so it happened. The three Quraishites contestants stepped forward for individual contest: Utba bin Rabia, His son Waleed bin Utba, and His brother Shaibah. Three Muslims stepped forward to meet the challenge: Hazrat Hamza, Hazrat Ali, and Hazrat Ubaidah bin Harish. Hazrat Hamza killed Utba, Hazrat Ali killed Waleed, while Hazrat Ubaidah was injured and his companions helped kill Shaibah. Open contest started and the Quraish marched on the Muslims with closed ranks. Muslims threw stones and arrows at them and then suddenly fell on them with a cry of:
“Ya Mansur! Amit!” – “O victors! Kill!”
During the battle the conduct of Prophet (S.A.W) by fighting in the middle of the enemies increased the Iman and faith of the Muslim army and followers always followed the great leaders like the companions of Prophet (S.A.W) did. The Muslims defeated the infidels by their power of faith and by Allah (S.W.T)’s help. . One of the conducts of the battle of Badr was the distribution of the Booty. Some companions were strong but the companions were economically weak so Holy Prophet (S.A.W) distributed the booty among his companions which was very new to the Arabs that the booty was divided equally among the soldiers. As for the prisoners Muhammad (S.A.W) declared that "When prisoners of war are put under guard, those closely related should be placed together" and by mandating the return of enemy corpses instead of mutilation.
Battle of trench
Muhammad (S.A.W) was the first Arab commander who successfully joins both combat arms into a national army and uses them in concert in battle. As commander in chief Muhammad established the principle of unified command by appointing a single commander with overall authority to carry out military operations. Sometimes he also appointed a second-in-command. Muhammad (S.A.W) often personally commanded his troops in the field. Being a good warrior had always been at the center of Arab values, but Muhammad enhanced the warrior's status. His soldiers were always guaranteed a share in the booty. It became a common saying among Muslims that "the soldier is not only the noblest and most pleasing profession in the sight of Allah, but also the most profitable." In regard to the matters about which he had received no specific instructions from Allah, he consulted his companions and respected their views, and thus helped them develop their personality, Like in the battle of Trench/Al- Ahzab which took place in the 4th year of Hijrah. Upon the consultation with his companions and the advice given by Salman Farsi (RA) was respected and put in action without any delay for the digging of the Trench in which Prophet (S.A.W) himself worked with the companions to upgrade their moral and to show them that a Prophet is also like them. This was the greatness of Muhammad (S.A.W). The trench was 5, 5 km in length, 9 m in width, 4, 5 m in depth.
After the Muslims had finished digging the trench and the Makkan cavalry came like a whirlwind but was suddenly checked, by the trench. Their grand strategy had been to take Medina by storm in a few hours but now it appeared to them that they could not do so. Here there was a trench, a new obstacle which they could not surmount. How did it fit into their strategy? They were utterly nonplused by the trench. A leader should have a strong will-power and resolve and never fall into hopelessness. A leader should be aware of his responsibility, a far-sighted and have determined his goal well. Like the Holy Prophet did when his army was defending the front and the Banu Kurraiza broke the treaty and plotted the treason which was resolved by the clever strategy of Prophet (S.A.W) and with Allah (S.W.T)’s help the Muslims reaped the reward of steadfastness and won. If the Battle of Badr was an example of the offensive military policy of the Prophet (s.a.w.), the battle of Khandaq, was a defensive strategy waged in defense of the Divine Message and the nascent camp of Islam. Their confidence and trust in Allah grew.
This was one example of the defensive military policy of the Islamic state, adopted by the Messenger Muhammad (s.a.w.)
(b): What can Muslim leaders today learn from the Prophet’s conduct in their relations with other states? [4]
The Prophet Muhammad, (S.A.W) had all the qualities that a leader is supposed to have. He was a leader not only in one aspect of life but he led his community to success in every field. There is none in human history comparable to him as commander, statesman, religious leader, spiritual guide, etc. In order to know him as a leader more closely, we had better summarize the qualities a leader should have in general terms:
·A leader should be realistic; his messages and demands should not be in contradiction with the realities of life. He should consider the conditions surrounding him and his community as they actually are. He should be aware of the advantages and disadvantages he has.
·A leader should be convinced of the truth of the message he conveys to people. He should never falter in his convictions and be resolute in conveying his message without renunciation.
·A leader should be courageous in nature. Even left alone to himself, he should find in himself as much courage as to resist all the difficulties he might encounter.
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was the most courageous of people. When some of his pursuers reached the mouth of the cave where he was in hiding, Abu Bakr was afraid that something would happen to the Messenger. However, the Prophet (S.A.W) comforted him, saying: “Grieve not, for God is with us”. A leader should have a strong will-power and resolve and never fall into hopelessness.
·A leader should be aware of his responsibility and nothing should be able to prevent him from fulfilling it. Especially the charms of the world and attractions of life should not be able to intervene between him and his responsibility.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write down the events of Battle of Hunnain and the siege of Taif?
Answer: After the Conquest of Makkah, the neighboring tribes of Makkah that is Banu Hawazeen and Banu Taqif of Taif were given the choice to either accepting Islam or accept war. Both the tribes accepted the second option of war so the two tribes along with their allies and Malik bin Awf being the commander of the pagan army moved with a considerable strength of army to Awtass to attack Makkah. His strategy was he brought all the women, their wealth and their men on the frontline. This strategy of Malik bin Awf heard by 60 year old pagan warrior Durayd who replied that this is a very bad strategy and Malik bin Awf did not listened to him. The Muslim scouts who were at Jurana find out about the attacking force. So the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) prepared an army of 12000 men. This comprised 10000 of those men who had accompanied him when he left Madinah for the conquest of Makkah and 2000 of Makkans who accepted Islam during the conquest Makkah. Muslims left after staying only 19 days in Makkah. Hawazeen and Taqif had an army of 20000.
As the Muslims march from Makkah few of the companions, they admired the Muslim army and its number and like the odds that with such a strong army will definitely won the battle, this boost was not liked by Allah. Banu Hawazeen and Taqif moved into the valley of Hunnain and they positioned their men with archers and stones on the top of the mountain pass which is the entrance to Hunnain. They prepared their ambush at night. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) encamped at Hunnain pass for the night. Muslims marched into the valley of Hunnain at dawn Wednesday 10th of Shawal as the Muslim army entered the valley of Hunnain headed by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and the standard of Muslim army was in the hands Hazrat Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A). As the Muslims went deeper into the pass the people on the mountain top with stones and archers started throwing stones and archers on the Muslim army. In the state of perplexity and terror the Muslims started to flee away in different directions. Allah says in the Holy Quran: “Assuredly Allah did help you in many battlefields and on the day of Hunnain: Behold! Your great number elated you, But they availed you not: The land, for all that it is wide, did constrain you, and you turn your backs in retreat” (9:25).With the exception of few Muslims who stayed with the Prophet (S.A.W) among these was one of the uncle of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) Hazrat Abbas (R.A) who had very heavy and loud voice. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said to him to call the fleeing Muslims. Hazrat Abbas (R.A) shouted “O Muslims! Come to the Prophet of Allah he is here, O Muslims! Of the pledge of the tree” When the Muslims heard the voice of Hazrat Abbas (R.A) they gathered their moral and they started coming back towards Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). They re-organized the battle. The pagan army who’s standing on the other side of the valley of Hunnain was defeated by organized Muslims and they flee from the battlefield. Some of the Muslim soldiers along with Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed went to the either sides on both mountains and killed all those who ambushed the Muslim army. The fleeing army of Banu Hawazeen and Taqif went into Taif. Finally the Muslims were victorious. “But Allah did pour His calm on the Messenger (S.A.W) and on the believers, and send down forces which you saw not: He punished the unbelievers: Thus does He punish without faith” (9:26).
Events of the siege of Taif:
After the Battle of Hunnain the army of Banu Hawazeen and Taqif who were defeated came to the strong holds of Taif. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) thanked God for the victory, and he was in a chastened mood. He humbly prayed before God, and asked for forgiveness for having boosted about the invincibility of the Muslim army. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was commissioned by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to lead the attack against Taif. From Awtass the Muslims force marched to Taif. The inhabitance of Taif including Hawazeen and Taqif shut them in the fort and refused to come out in the open so, the Muslim army began the siege of Taif. The Muslims employed catapults to throw stones in the town of Taif but this not led in any tangible result. Than the Muslims tried the tostados where under a group of soldiers shielded by a cover of cow hide advanced to set fire to the gate. The enemy threw red hot scrap of iron on the tostados which made it ineffective.
The siege dragged on for two weeks and still there was no sign of the fall of the fort of Taif. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) held a council of war. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) advised that the siege might be raised and that God would Himself make arrangements for the fall of the fort. The advice was accepted and in February 630 A.D the siege of Taif was raised and the Muslim army withdrew to Makkah along with the huge spoils of war.
Question: Write down the events of the Battle/Expedition of Tabuk?
Answer: After the return from Makkah to Madinah in the 9th year of Hijra, there was a huge gathering of the Kuffars (Byzantine Army) after being defeated in the Battle of Mutah, planned to attack the Islamic state of Madinah. When the news came to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) called to arms. The call to arms was given at a very critical time. The weather was burning hot; crops were ripe and ready for harvesting. The journey was long and odious. In spite if these obstacles and difficulties an army of 30000 men was raised and it was assembled at Al-Jorf outside Madinah. The Muslim army led by Holy Prophet (S.A.W) reached Tabuk after a weary long march. The standard of the Muslim army was given to Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A). When the Byzantine army came to know about Muslims they fled from the battlefield before the Muslims arrived. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) gave a classical address at Tabuk which he passed into history he said; “Verily the most veracious discourse is the book of Allah. The most trusty Stronghold is the word of piety. The best religion is the religion of Islam. The best of precedence is the precedence of the Prophet (S.A.W). The noblest speech is the invocation of Allah. The finest of the narratives is the Holy Quran. The best of the affairs is that which has been firmly resolved upon. The worst in the religion are those things which are created without sanction. The best of the way is the one trodden by the Prophets. The noblest of the death is the death of a martyr. The most miserable blindness is waywardness after guidance. The best of the actions is that which is beneficial. The best guidance is that which is put in to practice. The worst blindness is the blindness of heart.”(Sahi Bukhari; Tabakat-e-Saad) Upon hearing this some Christians and Jews settlements embraced Islam, while several other Christian tribes entered into confederacy with the Muslims and agreed to pay Jizya. The Tabuk expedition was the last of Holy Prophet’s (S.A.W) major campaigns which now totaled to 27 and the strength of Islam now increased its sphere from Madinah over extensive reigns in the direction of Syria. From Tabuk Prophet (S.A.W) came back to Madinah.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Outline the changes in the Prophets Relation with the JEWS tribe and the HYPORICTE in Medina in the year between 622 and 632 A.D?
Answer: Relation with the Jews
The drastic changes in relation in between Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), Jews and Hypocrite were because of the fact that the Prophet (S.A.W) had made every sincere effort to make friend with Jews he gave them the liberty and freedom to live freely. He also declared the Jews and the Muslims as a single Ummah by granting them religious liberty and equal status in chatter of Medina and by declaring them as people of the book. The Jews did not reciprocate and never accepted the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and never accepted the Prophet hoodof Holy Prophet (S.A.W).
During earlier days after Hijra Jews tried to exploit Islam by promoting their own interest, but Muslims victory of Badr frestrataed them a lot. So they had religious, social economic and political reason to remain hostile towards Islam because they could not digest the idea that a non-Jew Prophet was of their religion and from amongst their tribe. The main hostility was shown by Banu Quraiza, Banu Qunaiqa and Banu Nazir. The monitoring position of Banu Qunaqa was detoriated when Muslims turned against them after the verses against ‘Reba’ were revealed and the alliance of Banu Qunaiqa and hypocrite (under Abdullah Bin Ubey) were also cooperative in making Muslims turned against Jews in 624 A.D.
The economic interest of Banu Nazir and Banu Quraiza as they hold on agricultural land increased after the arrival of Mahajreen in Medina, so the Jews would not take the arrival of Muslims from Mecca all the three tribes of Jews were expelled out of Medina as they broke the pledge in which they were required to act in accordance to the term of agreement they had made with Muhammad (S.A.W) because they lost no time conspiring with the Quraish against Muslims and ploting the killing of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) by Banu Nazir and treason of Banu Quraiza during the battle of Trenche which posed threat to the survival and to the growth of Islam so the Holy Muhammad (S.A.W) punished them by expulsing them out of Medina in 624 A.D and 625 A.D respectively.
Similarly, with the passage of time Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) realized that they did not respect his position as a Prophet and Jews use to find faults in Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and his teaching of Islam. Usually they mocked the Muslims for adapting Jerusalem as their Kiblah and for sharing other religious rights of Jews such as ‘Ashura Fast’. They miss pronounce the Quranic verses with the intentions of changing their meaning. Relation between them and the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) continue to worsen.
Relation with the Hypocrite:
Similarly as for Hypocrites the Prophet (S.A.W) had different situation, which he had to face in Medina was immense then opposion he faced in Mecca. In Medina Prophet (S.A.W) had to face enemies in disguise. The disguise enemies are the hypocrite who had apparently accepted Islam but were enemies of the core of their hearts. For them Holy Quran says: “And you see those in whose hearts there is a disease (of hypocrisy), they hurry to their friendship, saying: "We fear lest some misfortune of a disaster may befall us........" (5:52). Abdullah bin Ubey the leader of hypocrites and the leader of Banu Khajraz, during the first five years of Hijra he was engaged in weakening the position of Prophet’s (S.A.W) by verbal arguments and by criticizing the Quran the worse thing which Abdullah Bin Ubey did was In the battle of Uhad where he abandent the Prophet (S.A.W) and took his 300 men back to Medina. All his life he left no stone unturned in damaging the Muslims through conspiring, mechanizing and plotting against Muslims. Some times with the Quraish some time with the Jews. He was the one who even made malignant effort of scandalizing the Prophets (S.A.W) wife Hazrat Aisha (R.A) until her innocence was declared by Allah in Quranic verses. The attitude of Prophet (S.A.W) although was changed but not was very strict the major reason for this liniancy was that if he had taken punitive action against them, his repute might have been damaged, for turning against his own people. So he acted in a wise way which was let them die their own death.The holy Quran says: “of the people there are some who say: we believe in Allah and in the last Day;' but they do not (really) believe………..” (Surah: Baqarah v: 8:9)
Question b: Suggest reasons why his relations with the Jews tribe change? [4]
Answer: Although Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) attempted to have peaceful and friendly relation with the Jews but his relation with the Jews gradually changed when with the passage of time. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) realized that they did not respect his position as a Prophet. They refused to acknowledge that Prophet (S.A.W) is like the one in their scriptures because they thought this that the future Prophet would have been among the Jews not from the Arabs especially not from the Quraish. So they mocked at him, scorned him, and felt no shame in disgracing in. They last no time in conspiring with the Quraish against the Muslims which posed threat to survival and growth of Islam. All the three tribes of Jews namely Banu Quraizah, Banu Qainuqa and Banu Nazir, they broke the pledge in which they were required to act in accordance to the term of the agreement they had made with Prophet (S.A.W). They openly made fun of him. They used to find faults in Prophet (S.A.W) and teachings of Islam. They mocked Muslims for adopting Jerusalem as there Qiblah.
An important turning point in the relationship with the Jews was when some Jews of Banu Qainuqa insulted a Muslim woman and a Muslim who was there got enraged and killed the Jew but was he also killed by a group of the fellow Jews. When the matter was brought to the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) immediately forced them to leave Madinah within 3 days.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write a Short note on the treaty of Hudaibiya? Or Explain why the treaty of Hudaibiya took place? Or describe the events preceeding the treaty of hudaibiya?
Answer: In 628 A.D, 6th year after hijrat the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) departed from Madinah accompanied by 14-15 hundred of his companians for Makkah with the intention of performing Umrah. All the Muslims shared the natural desire to perform the religious rituals which they did not able to do so for a long time.
When the news reached to the Quraish in Makkah that Holy Prophet (S.A.W) is marchig towards Makkah they started making preperations for opposing the Muslims. However, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) explained to the men of Banu Khuza that they had come with the pure intentions of performing the Umrah and not to wage any sort of war. However, still the Quraish refused the Muslims from entering into Makkah. Khirash-bin-Ummayah delivered the Muslim intentions to the Quraish. However, he was detained by the Quraish. Than Prophet (S.A.W) sent Hazart Usman bin Affan (R.A) to Makkah for the same reason that they are here for Umrah but the Quraish also detained Hazrat Usman (R.A). A rumour erupted in the Muslim camps that Hazrat Usman has been murdured by the Quraish.
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) stopped at the place called Oasis of Rizwan. Thus, the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) asked his companians to take a pledge on his hand that they would sacrifice their lives for the cause of Islam and avenge the death of Usman (R.A) this was known as Bait-e-Rizwan. This oath is also mentioned in the Holy Quran. The Holy Quran says “Allah was well-pleased with the believers when they were swearing allegiance to you under the tree......."(48:18). Unequipped as they were, the pledge undertaken showed the intensity of the Muslims love for Allah and Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). A notable incidend incident also took place during Bait-e-Rizwan, that Holy Prophet (S.A.W) took the pledge on behave of Hazrat Usman (R.A) who was absent from the scene. Holy Prophet (S.A.W) took the pledge by extending his left hand and placing it under the right one.
This incident has been considered by some Muslim scholar writers to be an indication of the fact that the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) believed that Hazrat Usman (R.A) was alive because Hazrat Usman (R.A) had a very powerful clan in the Quraish to support him which was Banu Ummayyad. The Quraish were terrorized when they became aware of Bait-e-Rizwan and how strongly the Muslims felt and how they were willing to sacrifice their lives for the cause of Islam. The previous victories of the Muslims were still alive in the minds of Quraish. Thus they dispatched a messenger to conclude a truce which came to be known as Treaty of Al-Hudaibiya.
Fortunately Hazrat Usman (R.A) returned from Makkah to Huaibiya. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) accepted the Treaty of Hudaibiya although the treaty was appearantly not in the favour of Muslims. The treaty was signed in Feburary 628A.D 6th year of Hijra. The terms of the treaty of Hudaibiya were :
i) Instead of performing the Umrah the present year the Muslims would perform it the folllowing year.
ii) The Muslims who would return the Makkah the following year for the performance of Umrah would not stay longer than 3 days.
iii) For 10 years there were to be no hostilities between the two parties.
iv) The Arab tribes would be free to enter into alliance with either party.
v) Muslims were to come without arms except a sword in the scabbard when they return to Makkah the following year.
vi) If any person would come from Makkah to Madinah he would be returned back even if it was a Muslim.
vii) If a Muslim would go to Makkah he would not be allowed to return
The terms of treaty were appearantly were in favour of Makkans and it was but natural that Muslims were not happy especially Hazrat Umar Ibne Khatab (R.A) . There was a general discontentment among the Muslims, after a revelation from Allah reveled to Holy Prophet (S.A.W) “lo! We have given thee [Holy Prophet (S.A.W)] a signal of victory .........."(48:1-3)

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write a note on the last sermon of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W)?
Answer: It can legitimately be called the First Universal Declaration, or charter, of Human Rights. The Holy Prophet's "Khutba Hajjatul Wada" is recorded in the most authentic books of Ahadis and Muslim history. It was in the 10th year of Hijra which was one of the most significant years in the Islamic calendar because Hajjat-ul-Widah (farewell pilgrimage) marked the accomplishment of the mission of Prophet (S.A.W). It was the first and the last Hajj of Prophet (S.A.W) in which he participated after his migration to Madinah. After receiving revelation about Hajj “And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the house (Kaabah) is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can afford the expenses” (3:97). After this revelation the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) declared his intentions to perform Hajj in 632 A.D / 10 A.H, 124000 companions swarmed the city to avail the privilege of performing Hajj. It was during this Hajj that Prophet (S.A.W) delivered his last sermon which highlighted the basic principles of Islam in concise manner.
The Prophet (S.A.W) left Madinah on Saturday, 25th Dhul-Qaidah after offering 4 rakkats for Zuhr. Before the prayer he explained the essentials of putting on Ihram, and the obligations and ‘Sunnah’ of the pilgrimage. As he departed, he recited the talbiyah: “At Your service, O Allah! At Your service! You have no partner. At Your service! Praise and Blessing are yours and the Kingdom You have has no associate.” The Hajj Caravan of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) reached Makkah on the fourth of Zill Hajj. He went straight to the Masjid al-Haram and performed tawaf of the Holy Kaabah and then did his Saei. He stayed in Makkah for four days and then on the Day of Tarwiyah, 8th Zill Hajj he made for Minah with his Companions. He offered the Zuhr and Asr prayers and spent the night. At sunrise on the 9th of Zill-Hajj he left Mina and made for Arafat followed by all the pilgrims. It was Friday. Down in the valley, he delivered his last and a great sermon to the people while seated on his camel. The Prophet (S.A.W) said
“O people! Listen to my words I don't know whether, after this year, I shall be amongst you again. There for listen to what I am saying to you carefully and take these words to those who could not be present here today? O people! Just as you regard this month, this day, and this city as sacred, so regard the life of every Muslim as sacred trust. Return the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners. Hurt no one so that no one may hurt you. Remember that you will indeed meet your Lord and he will indeed reckon your deeds. Know that every Muslim is a Muslim’s brother, and that Muslims are brethren. It is lawful to take from a brother only what he gave willingly, so wrong not yourself.
An Arab has no superiority over on non-Arab or a non-Arab over an Arab but for their Taqwah. Take care of your slaves: feed them with what you eat yourself and cloth them with what you wear yourself. If they commit a fault which you do not to pardon, sell the servants of Allah (that is the slave) and do not torture them.
O people! It is true that you have certain rights with regards to your women, but they also have rights over you. If they abide by your rights, than to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers.
O people! Listen to me in earnest, worship Allah, say your 5 daily prayers, fast during the month of Ramzan and give your wealth in Zakkat. Perform Hajj if you can afford to.
O people! No Prophet or apostle will come after me and no new faith will be born. I leave behind me two things, the Quran and the Sunnah. If you will follow these, you will never go astray”. When the sermon was over the Prophet (S.A.W) performed his Zuhr and Asr prayers combined. At that time the last revelation of the Holy Quran came “This day I have perfected your religion for you, completed My favors upon you and have chosen for you Islam as your religion” (5:4).The sermon of the Holy Prophet (pbuh) is not only remarkable for its eloquence, but it contains a sublime (inspiring) message for the whole of the human race. The world has not been able to lay down better principles of ethics and morality than those expressed. Every word of it breathes a spirit of magnanimity (generosity) and aims at establishing righteousness and fair dealing among people on a workable basis. It establishes brotherhood among Muslim irrespective of the divergences of their geographical, racial and colour background and provides an outline of a social order, perfectly free from oppression and injustice. The address of the Prophet encompasses all the requisite ingredients of an Apostle's perfect message meant for the Muslim as well as the rest of mankind. It is remarkable for its length, lucidity (simplicity) and enthusiasm. He declared the inviolability (holiness) of a Muslim's life property and honour. Everyone who had received a deposit was asked to return his trust. The charging of interest on loans or capitals was condemned.
In social relationships the Holy Prophet laid emphasis on the rights of women or wives and their obligations towards their men or husbands. They were to be regarded as trusts form God and not maltreated unnecessarily or deal with illegally. Likewise, Muslims were forbidden to steal others’ assets or take away their property without permission or agreement. From the above analysis of the Holy Prophet's Address, it should not be difficult to conclude that touched the chords of realism, justice and equity and that it could offer enough guidance for an ideal human life.
Question: What is the importance of farewell pilgrimage of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)?
Answer: The first thing to be noted with regard to farewell pilgrimage is the huge number of people who attended with the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) from different parts of peninsula, believing in Allah and His message, obeying His commands. Only 23 years earlier that has been idolaters and polytheists rejecting Prophet (S.A.W) principals, finding his call to Tawheed strange, hating his contamination to idols in denial.
Indeed many of them taken hostiles stance to persecute him, plotting to kill him and even fighting him with swords and spears but in the end after 23 years there is only one man who threw his moral characters and divine revelation in the help of God, conquered their hearts and the world which no other man on this surface of the earth could never achieved. The principals that Prophet (S.A.W) proclaimed after the completion of his mission and success of his leadership conformed the principals which he proclaimed at the beginning of his call when he was alone and persecuted, when his followers were weak, suppressed and few in number. The principals given in the last sermon are firmly established and do not change regardless to whether the number of believers is great or small, whether there is war or peace, defeat or victory, whether the world accept the message or turn away. Whether enemy is strong or weak in contrast, we know the leaders of this world constantly alter their believes and principals depending on whether they are strong or weak, changing their means or goals, displaying outwardly something other than what they are crawled inwardly, proclaiming something other than that which they never believed that which they really believe, appearing at the time of weakness in the disguise of monks or Ribayas, at the time of strength in the form of wolves that is because they are no more messengers of their own interest in contrast to the messenger Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) of Allah. There is a great difference between one who swims in the ocean of light between those who strives for their own selves and for those who strive for the sake of humanity between close friends of the Satan and close friends of most merciful.

 

[Irfan Atique]

bro learning is a process which ends with ones life ends

THERE YOU GO ALL GOOD STUFF FOR YOU.....ANY MISTAKE YOU ALL FIND DO INFORM......

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write a note on Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) as a Model of human perfection/excellence?
Answer: Prophet (S.A.W) is an excellent example for mankind to follow in their daily lives to attain piety, goodness, stead fastness, compassion: in short, to become a virtuous person. He is the closest connecting link between Allah and man, and his teachings, therefore providing guidance for attaining piety and goodness in this world and eternal happiness in the Hereafter.
Once someone inquired about his character from Hazrat Bibi Ayesha (R.A), she replied: “His morals are the Quran” (Sahih Bukhari). Allah has also testified the character of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) “And you (stand) on an exalted standard of character.” (68:4). The Prophet Muhammad’s (S.A.W) manners were ideal, he said “Allah sent me to complete the excellent virtues and to perfect the good manners” (Sharahi-Sunnah). Since his characters were based upon the Holy Quran which deals with all walks of life, so the activities of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) were multi dimensional that is they covered different aspects of human life. His character was completely flawless, a pure reflection of human perfection, since the roots of his character lay in the perfect divine guidance – The Holy Quran. The personality traits of Prophet (S.A.W) were the summation of all the goods in fact the best qualities of all the previous Prophets. Allah says in the Holy Quran “Ye have indeed in the messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct) for anyone whose hope is in Allah and the final day and who engages much in the praise of Allah.” (33:21). Prophet (S.A.W) not only preached the divine guidance, but also practiced what he preached to demonstrate in real the implementation of Islamic principles. This practice was greatly helpful in the removing the sense of impossibility of performing certain actions. It insured that people did not considered the divine laws impractical when there practical implementation was shown by man himself. E.g. the Holy Quran commands us to perform Sala’ah. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) demonstrated in practical how Sala’ah should be performed. The different roles which Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) took up in his life gave him a wide range of experiences of different lifestyles. He applied Islam in various aspects of these roles and then practically carried out the commandments of Allah pertaining to these roles. For instance, he played the role of the head of the Islamic state of Madinah. As a head, he devised different laws for his state in accordance to Islamic principles and successfully ran the machinery of Madinah under the new Islamic system. As a husband, he treated all his wives fairly and granted them all those liberties which Islam has given to women. As a commander of the Muslim army, he laid down the directions of fighting with respected fundamental, human rights even during warfare. In connection with his piety and devotion are some of his marked qualities of which the most striking was his trust in Allah.
“It is part of the mercy of Allah that thou dost deal gently with them.” (3:159)
Question: Explain the meaning of the title ‘the Seal of Prophets’? [4]
Answer: ‘The Seal of Prophets’ is a title to indicate that Prophet Hood came to an end. This means the long line of Prophets started with Hazrat Adam (A.S) and terminated with the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and no other Prophet will follow. In Arabic it means to complete a task, to put a seal at the end of something and to seal a writing document. The word Prophets in the phrase denotes the conveyance of revelation to some superior and skilled individual so that these individuals may communicate these messages to their particular societies. In this context the ‘Seal of Prophets’ signifies that the intermediation between Allah and worshippers came to an end. This indicates that Prophet Hood ended with Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The Holy Quran says, “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of Prophets” (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:40)
The Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) being a universal Prophet along with the last Holy Book, the Quran is called ‘Seal of the Prophet Hood’. Allah says in the Holy Quran, “This day I have perfected your religion for you; completed my favor upon you and have chosen Islam the religion for you.” (5:4)

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: What is the Islamic Belief on Finality/Seal of Prophethood According to the Quran Sunnah?
Answer: The holy Quran and the holy Prophet's Ahadith (teachings) eloquently prove that Prophethood (‘nabuwwat’ and ‘risalat’) came to an end with our Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). There are decisive verses to that effect. Being the last Prophet in the chain of Prophethood, no one ever shall now succeed him to that status of dignity. The long line of Prophet’s started with Adam and terminated with Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Muhmmad (S.A.W) is the last of all the Prophets. His Prophethood is distinguished in many ways: The religon of Islam brought by the Prophet (S.A.W) is a perfect religon and deals with all the facets of human life i.e. political, economic, athical, legal and social aspects it is perfect in all the respects. The Quran says, “This day I have perfected your religon for you, completed my favours upon you and have chosen for you Islam as your religion”. (5:4).
The Prophethood of the Prophet (S.A.W) is eternal. The Quran says, "Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things." (Holy Quran, 33:40) The Prophet (S.A.W) declared that he was the final Prophet. There are a large number of Ahadith to sustain this article of Islamic faith. Not only that but the Prophet (S.A.W)) was also pleased to bring forth such expositions of this word (‘Khatam-un-Nabieen). Hafiz Ibn-e-Hazam says on page 77 of his Kitab-ul-Fasl:"All those personages who have dwelt upon the subject of Muhammad'(S.A.W) Prophethood, his miracles and expounded the holy Quran, have stated that he (S.A.W) had informed that there would be no Prophet after him."Finality of Prophethood is an article of faith by the Quran’s text and Mutawatir Ahadith. “From Abu Huraira, (R.A): Allah’s messenger(S.A.W) said:
“Certainly my example and the example of Prophets earlier than me is like the example of a palace most elegant and most beautiful constructed by a person except (that he left in it) a blank space for a brick in one of its corners and that made the people (who were) going around it wonder (at its marvellousness) and exclaimed (in perplexion): “Why not is this brick inlaid in here!” The Prophet (S.A.W) said, “I am that (corner’s last) brick and I am the last of the Prophets”. (Sahih Bukhari, Vol. 1, p.501 & Sahih Muslim, Vol. 2, p.248)
The above Hadith is also related by Hazrat Jabir bin Abdullah, (Allah be pleased with him,) and is included in Musnad Ahmad, Sahih Muslim and Jama-e-Tirmizi. Sahih Muslim’s narration ends with these words:
“Said Allah’s messenger(S.A.W) “So I am in place of this brick; I came and so I completed the chain of the Prophets”.
“From Abu Huraira, (Allah be pleased with him): Allah’s messenger Muhammad(S.A.W) said: “I have been bestowed with excellence over (other) Prophets in six respects: (1) I have been gifted with comprehensive words, (2) I have been helped through awe (being put in the hearts of enemies) (3) spoils have been made lawful to me, (4) the whole earth turned into a mosque for me and a means of purification, (5) I have been ordained as the Prophet for all humanity, and (6) the line of the Prophets has been terminated with me”. (Sahih Muslim, Vol.1, p.199, Mishkat, p.512).It is a universal message for the entire mankind. Muhammad (S.A.W) was not sent down for any particular country or nation but to the whole world. The Quran says regarding it, “And we have not sent you (O Muhammad!)Save as a bringer of good tidings and a Warner to all mankind.” (34:2 Abu Huraira (R.A) relates from the Prophet (S.A.W) that: “the Bani Isreal were led by their own Prophets, when one Prophet died another Prophet took his place but there shall be no Prophet after me that there shall be Caliphs and they will be many”. (Sahih Bukhari, Kitab-ul-Manaqib). “Verily, Allah the Exalted will send down to this Ummah such men at the head of every century as will revive the Deen for it” (the Ummah). (Abu Dawood, Vol. 2, p. 233)
Question: Explain the meaning of the title ‘the Seal of Prophets’? [4]
Answer: ‘The Seal of Prophets’ is a title to indicate that Prophet Hood came to an end. This means the long line of Prophets started with Hazrat Adam (A.S) and terminated with the last Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and no other Prophet will follow. In Arabic it means to complete a task, to put a seal at the end of something and to seal a writing document. The word Prophets in the phrase denotes the conveyance of revelation to some superior and skilled individual so that these individuals may communicate these messages to their particular societies. In this context the ‘Seal of Prophets’ signifies that the intermediation between Allah and worshippers came to an end. This indicates that Prophet Hood ended with Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The Holy Quran says, “Muhammad is the messenger of Allah and the Seal of Prophets” (Surah Al-Ahzab 33:40). The Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) being a universal Prophet along with the last Holy Book, the Quran is called ‘Seal of the Prophet Hood’. Allah says in the Holy Quran, “This day I have perfected your religion for you; completed my favor upon you and have chosen Islam the religion for you.” (5:4)

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: What are the main features of Islamic society from the Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (S.A.W)?
Answer: The laws of Islam comprise rules of conduct revealed by God to His Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) whereby people are directed to lead their lives. Thus, revelation is the source of Islamic law which is available to us in the form of Quran and the Sunnah of the Prophet (S.A.W). A unique aspect of Islamic law is that the authority of making laws to God only. According to Islam no man or society will ever be capable of or allowed to make laws for other men: “……….. We have bestowed from own thy upon thee, step by step, this divine right, to make everything clear and to provide guidance………” (16:89). However, where there is no room for the making of new laws, there is also no prohibition on the innovation, extension, and reinterpretation of the existing laws. This very process is denoted by Ijtehad. The main features of the Islamic society are:
· Islamic society is based in the unity of Allah, His worship, and beliefs in the articles of faith and practice of the pillars of Islam.
· Muslim society is insured protection of life, property, and honor of person irrespective of class, color or greed. As the Prophet (S.A.W) on the occasion of the last pilgrimage said, “Most surely your life, property and honor are sacred as this day of pilgrimage”. (Sahih Bukhari)
· Every member of society id free to practice any faith or religion. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) granted complete freedom to the faith of the Jews of Madinah and Christians of Najran. The Holy Quran says “There is no compulsion in religion.” (2:256). Again it says, “If than they turn away we have not sent you as a guard over them, your duty is but to convey the message.” (42:48)
· Every individual is entitled to have minimum basic requirements of his family. Islamic society shoulders the responsibility of providing the basic needs of those individuals and families who are unable to do so. The system of Zakah and Sadaqat insured that no member of the society remains in want and deprived of his basic needs as the QURAN says “and in their wealth and possessions (was remembered) the right of the (needy) him who asked and him who (for some reasons) was prevented (from asking)” (51:19)
· Islamic society was based on Brother Hood. The members of the society were cooperative, merciful and kind to each other. Muslims were genuinely interested in the welfare of their fellow-being. Muslims brotherhood was unifying sector amid clashes of race, color and nationality “believers are but a single brother Hood” (49:10)
· The community setup by Muhammad (S.A.W) was based on piety in righteousness. Vices were prohibited. Drinking, stealing, adultery, and gambling were declared unlawful. Acquiring Wealth through unlawful means was declared illegal while lawful means were encouraged “whatever the Prophet give you take it, whatever he forbid you refrain from it”. (59:7).
· The community set up by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was based on equality and justice, irrespective of cast, color, creed, sex or nationality. Non-Muslims also enjoyed equal civil rights along with the Muslims and the same Laws applied to both. Once OSAMA tried to intercede regarding one of the punishments prescribed by GOD: the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) said “I swear by God that even if Fatima, daughter of Prophet (S.A.W) should steal I would have, her hand cut off”. (Nisai)
· Islam elevated the position of women as a mother, daughter, and wife and conferred rights to them. The Prophet (S.A.W) declared, “The best among you is he one who is best towards his wife”. (Tirmizi)

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Describe three examples from the life of the Prophet and the Rightly Guided Caliphs that show the relations between the early Muslim state and other states from 622 to 661. [10]
Answer: The guiding principle relationship between the early Muslim state and other states were lead down by the Holy Quran, implemented by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) between 622 A.D and 632 A.D and finalized by The Rightly Guided Caliphs in 632 A.D till 661 A.D.
The Holy Prophet (S.AW) had established the first re-public after immigrating to Medina in 622 A.D. Thus Medina emerged as a city-state vis-à-vis the tribal state of Makkah. He signed a treaty with the non-Muslims of Medina in 622 A.D called the charter of Medina through which he gave them all rights of humanism. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) wanted to preach the divine message in a peaceful manner but the Makkans had adopted a hostile attitude towards him and wanted to dislodge him from Madinah. Consequently the city state of Madinah was attacked and besieged on three major occasions- Badr (624 A.D), Uhad (625 A.D) and Trench (627 A.D). The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) therefore had to fight to defend the Islamic state against those who wished to wipe it out. He (S.A.W) then signed a ten year peace treaty (Treaty of Hudaibiya) with the Makkans in 6 A.H (628 A.D). The treaty was however violated by the Quraish of Makkah and the Prophet (S.A.W) undertook offensive measures against them in 630 A.D. He entered his naked town in an incredibly peaceful way. He declared general amnesty on this epic making occasion. With this conduct he not only conquered a city but also won the hearts of his fatal enemies.
The moral principal underlying all these occasions was to nourish and nurture a community of believers that would not indulge in any kind or degree of oppression in the light of the following Quranic verse: “That house of the Hereafter we shall give to those who intent not high-handedness or mischief on earth” (28:83). His city state of Madinah therefore never encouraged or practiced any mischievous activity or high-handedness.
Another example illustrating Holy Prophet (S.A.W) policy as the head of the state in Madinah towards other states was set in 7 A.H (629 A.D), about one year after the signing of the Hudaibiya pact. The Prophet (S.A.W) wrote letters to a number of neighboring emperors and rulers and invited them in a cordial and graceful manner to the new faith. These rulers including the king of Persia, Khusro Parvez, Hercules Kaiser of Rome, Negus the king of Abyssinia, Muqawqus the Roman governor of Egypt and many others. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) received varying replies from these rulers. The Persian king Khusro not only insulted the envoy but also tore the letter of the Prophet (S.A.W). The Prophet (S.A.W) however demonstrated outmost degree of self restrained and forbearance and did not lose hope. In the long run, however his efforts begin to bear fruits as the message of Islam would start illuminating these countries in the years to come. He fought defensive battles and led armies against the enemies of Islam. He however did so only after receiving divine permission for that. Then he treated the captives of anti-Islamic forces in such a way that he was able to rule over their hearts. He enters into truce with the rivals and accepted apparently hard terms only for the sake of his noble mission.
The Rightly Guided caliphs also continued to show generosity towards the non-Muslim citizens and states following the footsteps of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) during his caliphate (632-634 A.D) maintained the integrity which was established by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The state of Medina having a vast population of non-Muslims was provided with special rights. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) gave the surety of the protection of their life, property, respect and religion was the duty of the Government. Nobody was allowed to violate their rights until unless they or the Muslims exploited the rights. Hazrat Abu Bakr maintained the respect of the Charter of Medina signed by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) in 622 A.D first year of Hijra. The second caliph Hazrat Umar (634-644 A.D) set one of the noblest precedence in the entire world history. When he entered Jerusalem as a victor he refused to offer prayer inside the church. He justified this gentle gesture by saying that he simply did not want to set a trend for his successors to forcibly convert the worship places of non-Muslims into Mosques. This was absolutely in line with the glorious Quranic injunction: “Let there be no compulsion in religion” (2:256)
These examples set by the Prophet (S.A.W) and his successors (the caliphs) provides a glaring example that can provide enlightenment to all the Muslims rulers of the contemporary world that they should also take special care of the temple and other worship places of non-Muslims
living in their country as a religious minority.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: What are the Islamic teachings of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in relation with Muslim states and other states?[10]
Answer: The teaching of the Prophet Muahmmad (S.A.W) in relation with other states as he himself as a statesmen and president of Medina thaught us that
1) Equality and justice in state’s matter.
International relations devised by Islam and practice by Prophet (S.A.W) along with four-aurthodoks caliph stress that thir must not be a descipination or inequality between Muslims and other Non-Musilms as far as political matters concern. The religious belief’s which a state holds donot evulate or unde mind it’s authorithy to decide upon various poitical issues with other states. The principal of equality seekd to ensure that the decision concluded are just and fair
2) Coherence to all treaties made with other states.
Islamic teachings obolise all Muslims states to adhere to the concinence and packets made with other states and must not be the one first to break them. Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) paid duregance to all the treaties he made as the Holy Quran say’s, “fulfill the covinent of ALLAH whe ye have enter into it, and break not your oths after ye have confirmed them…” (16:91)
There is not even a single instance of breaking treaty from the life of Prophet (S.A.W) and his appointed four0orthodots caliphs. He enter into the agreement with all the non-Muslims tribe of Medina soon after his arrival, which attempted to establish peacfull relationship between them and the Non-Muslims however all of the Jews tribe one by one broke their agreement at their own accord, but Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) adhered to it as long as they did
3) Maintaing cardial and peace full relationship
International relationship of an Islamic state must be based on the principals of Peace, cardiology, and mutual cooperation so that resources and bnefits cab be exchanged, and humanity promoted to its utmost perfection. Islam refuses the killing of people merely, because they have different faith nor does it permit Muslims to fight against those who disagree with them on a religious question. Disutes need to be adverted sinve they can strain relations, and potentially lead to wars. Allah says in the Holy Quran
“Therefore,if they with draw from you and fight you not, but (instead)send you (guarantees of) peace, then Allah has opened no way for you (to war against them)” (4:90)
Prophet Muhmmad (S.A.W) sent peaceful deputations to othe nations, and did not carry out any aggression against them unlesscircumtances necessitate doing so. He invited them to embrace the new faith inj a peaceful and courteous manner, and received different responses from different emperors. The persinas kig MUQUQAS not onl disgraced his envoy, but also tore the Prophet’S letter angrily. But, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) excercised patience and did not react aggressively to the way the Persian emperor behaved.
4) Protection of civilian’s right in case of War
In case a Muslim state gets enggegd in war with a foreign state, it should fully comply upon the directions of fighting ordarined by Prophet Muhammad (S.A>W). the Muslims army should ensure that no women, children or old men are molested. No vegetation, crops or property, is to bedestroyed. All these prinvials were also ab serves by the Muslim army at the even of the conquest of Mecca and later by the military forces led by the rightly directed caliphs
5) Courteousness in treatment of the forign ambassador
The ambassodrfrom a foreign land should not be made a target of violence, cruelty, and disrespect no matter what religion, caste, or creed he belongs to. It is the responsinility of the Muslims state to safeguard his life and property from acts of violence till the return to his native land.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as wives, mothers and daughters. [10]
Answer: In the midst of the darkness that engulfed the world, the divine revelation echoed in the wide desert of Arabia with a fresh, noble, and universal message to humanity: “O Mankind, keep your duty to your Lord who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate (of same kind) and from them twain has spread a multitude of men and women” (Quran 4: 1).
“Every soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds” (Quran 74:38) It also states:
a) As a daughter
Whosoever supports two daughters till they mature, he and I will come in the Day of Judgment as this (and he pointed with his two fingers held together). A similar Hadeeth deals in like manner with one who supports two sisters. (Ibn-Hanbal, no. 2104)
The right of females to seek knowledge is not different from that of males. Prophet Muhammad (P.) said:
“Seeking knowledge is mandatory for every Muslim”. (Al Bayhaqi).
Muslim as used here including both males and females.
Parents are obligated to treat all their children mercifully and with compassion. Abu Hurairah (may Allah exalt their mention) reported:
"The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon Him) kissed Hasan ibn Ali (his grandson) in the presence of Aqra' ibn Habis at-Tameemi who said, "I have ten children and I never kissed any of them."
Upon that he looked at him and replied: "Whoever does not have mercy will not receive mercy." [Abu Dawood #2276 & others] Islamic laws and teachings mandate that parents raise their children with the best manners and offer them a sound, beneficial and healthy education. The Prophet of Allah (Peace be upon Him) said:
"It is enough sin for a person to neglect those for whose care he is responsible." [Muslim #996] Islam calls for material and emotional justice and fair treatment from both parents to their children, regardless of their sexes.
b) Women as Wives
Sharing between the two halves of the society, and that its objectives, beside perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy.
Among the most impressive verses in the Quran about marriage is the following.
“And among His signs is this: That He created mates for you from yourselves that you may find rest, peace of mind in them…….” (Quran 30:2-1).
According to Islamic Law, women cannot be forced to marry anyone without their consent.
The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. In consideration of the physiological and psychological make-up of man and woman, both have equal rights and claims on one another, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man.
The Quran thus states:
“And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them, and men are a degree above them.” (Quran 2:228).
Over and above her basic rights as a wife come the right which is emphasized by the Quran and is strongly recommended by the Prophet (P); kind treatment and companionship.
The Quran states:
“…But consort with them in kindness, for if you hate them it may happen that you hate a thing wherein God has placed much good.” (Quran 4: l9).
Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) said:
The best of you is the best to his family and I am the best among you to my family.
The most perfect believers are the best in conduct and best of you are those who are best to their wives. (Ibn-Hanbal, No. 7396)
Behold, many women came to Muhammad’s wives complaining against their husbands (because they beat them) – those (husbands) are not the best of you.
As the woman’s right to decide about her marriage is recognized, so also her right to seek an end for an unsuccessful marriage is recognized. To provide for the stability of the family, however, and in order to protect it from hasty decisions under temporary emotional stress, certain steps and waiting periods should be observed by men and women seeking divorce. Considering the relatively more emotional nature of women, a good reason for asking for divorce should be brought before the judge.
c) Women as Mothers
"A man came to the Prophet (s.w) and asked him: 'O Prophet of Allah! Who is the most deserving and worthy of my good company?'
Allah's Prophet (S.A.W) answered: "Your mother."
The man asked: 'Who comes next after her?'
He said: "Your mother."
The man asked again: 'Who comes next after her?'
He said: "Your mother."
The man asked again: 'Who comes next after her?'
He said: "Your father." [Bukhari #5625 & Muslim#2548]
This comprehensive lesson is a summary proving that the mothers deserve the utmost in obedience, benevolence and concern throughout their lives.
This tradition indicates that a mother has three times the rights of that of a father due to the sufferings she experiences during the various stages of her child's life; in pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and raising the child. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
"And we have enjoined on man to be dutiful and good to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship........" (31:14)
Mothers are given priority over fathers in terms of special kindness, care, duty, help, and obedience. Both parents, in accordance with Islamic teachings and principles, are to be obeyed, respected and not differed with as long as they do not command or order their children to disobey their Creator. Allah, states in the Qur'an: "And if parents strive with you to make you join in worship with Me that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not, but behave with them in the worldly (affairs) kindly........." (31:15)
Islam's encouragement to sons and daughters to treat their mothers with kindness, obedience and care - and to beckon to give any possible assistance to their parents in their various daily household chores - Disobeying parents, disrespecting them and failing to fulfill their rights is the greatest of sins.

 

[Irfan Atique]

I guess you're never too old to learn!
My 77 year old grandpa still reads the new medical journals as soon as they come out!

I JUST GAVE YOU ALL MY RESEARCH WORK..........

 

[asadalam]

I JUST GAVE YOU ALL MY RESEARCH WORK..........

those are some real long answers

 

[hussey96]

irfan Atique
sir i was having problem in learning this question , because the words were difficult to remember so i made some changes( in 2nd page of answer )what level i will get for this answer ?

 

[Ruman Wajih]

t

Allah’s relationship with His Messengers​

Question: From the Quranic passages you have studied about relationship between Allah and His Messengers? [10]
Answer: According to the Quranic passages we have studied about Allah and his Messengers we came to understand and belief that all the apostles and prophets sent by Allah were men, had wives and children and were mortal. According to a tradition of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W), their number is said to be 124,000. They are Allah’s vicegerents on earth they don’t do Shirk. They have been granted special favors, miracles and great knowledge by Allah as Allah says: “We did indeed send before you Messengers to their (respective) people, and they came to them with clear signs.” (30:47). they must follow His instructions and their focus is towards Allah only. The Quran says that Allah sent a Warner and guide to every nation. Number of surah gives narrations of His selected Messengers and many surahs are named after the messengers like They include Nuh (71), Ibrahim (14), Hud (11), Yusuf (12), Younus (10) and Muhammad (47)..
They are very intelligent they recognize Allah very well through His Signs like in surah Anam’s verses 75 to 79 Abraham was gradually guided to identify the real Creator and Lord by way of His creations such as the sun the moon and the stars.
In Surah Baqara verse 30 to 37 was about the beginning of the line is Hazrat Adam, who was also the first human being. Allah bestowed prophet hood on him and gave him guidance for himself and his descendants. We sent Noah to his People (with the Command): “Do warn your people before there come to them a grievous Penalty” (Quran). There is also a description of special Prophetic sign granted to them like Musa, Isa and others.

About Hazrat Musa the Quran states: “Move your hand into your bosom, and it will come forth white without stain.” (Surah al-Qasas) About Jesus the Quran says: “……….And behold! You make out of clay, as it were, the figure of a bird, by my leave, and you breathe into it and it becomes a bird by my leave, and you heal those born blind, and the lepers, by my leave” (Surah Al-Maida). Most importantly, the Quran declares the finality of the Holy Prophet by terming him as the “seal of Prophets” in this verse: “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but (he is) the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things” (Ahzab: 40)

thanks for it sir : i was asking about belief i n prophets (article of faith).

 

[Enferno]

Question: Describe the teachings of Islam about the position of women as wives, mothers and daughters. [10]
Answer: In the midst of the darkness that engulfed the world, the divine revelation echoed in the wide desert of Arabia with a fresh, noble, and universal message to humanity: “O Mankind, keep your duty to your Lord who created you from a single soul and from it created its mate (of same kind) and from them twain has spread a multitude of men and women” (Quran 4: 1).
“Every soul will be (held) in pledge for its deeds” (Quran 74:38) It also states:
a) As a daughter
Whosoever supports two daughters till they mature, he and I will come in the Day of Judgment as this (and he pointed with his two fingers held together). A similar Hadeeth deals in like manner with one who supports two sisters. (Ibn-Hanbal, no. 2104)
The right of females to seek knowledge is not different from that of males. Prophet Muhammad (P.) said:
“Seeking knowledge is mandatory for every Muslim”. (Al Bayhaqi).
Muslim as used here including both males and females.
Parents are obligated to treat all their children mercifully and with compassion. Abu Hurairah (may Allah exalt their mention) reported:
"The Messenger of Allah (Peace be upon Him) kissed Hasan ibn Ali (his grandson) in the presence of Aqra' ibn Habis at-Tameemi who said, "I have ten children and I never kissed any of them."
Upon that he looked at him and replied: "Whoever does not have mercy will not receive mercy." [Abu Dawood #2276 & others] Islamic laws and teachings mandate that parents raise their children with the best manners and offer them a sound, beneficial and healthy education. The Prophet of Allah (Peace be upon Him) said:
"It is enough sin for a person to neglect those for whose care he is responsible." [Muslim #996] Islam calls for material and emotional justice and fair treatment from both parents to their children, regardless of their sexes.
b) Women as Wives
Sharing between the two halves of the society, and that its objectives, beside perpetuating human life, are emotional well-being and spiritual harmony. Its bases are love and mercy.
Among the most impressive verses in the Quran about marriage is the following.
“And among His signs is this: That He created mates for you from yourselves that you may find rest, peace of mind in them…….” (Quran 30:2-1).
According to Islamic Law, women cannot be forced to marry anyone without their consent.
The rules for married life in Islam are clear and in harmony with upright human nature. In consideration of the physiological and psychological make-up of man and woman, both have equal rights and claims on one another, except for one responsibility, that of leadership. This is a matter which is natural in any collective life and which is consistent with the nature of man.
The Quran thus states:
“And they (women) have rights similar to those (of men) over them, and men are a degree above them.” (Quran 2:228).
Over and above her basic rights as a wife come the right which is emphasized by the Quran and is strongly recommended by the Prophet (P); kind treatment and companionship.
The Quran states:
“…But consort with them in kindness, for if you hate them it may happen that you hate a thing wherein God has placed much good.” (Quran 4: l9).
Prophet Muhammad (Pbuh) said:
The best of you is the best to his family and I am the best among you to my family.
The most perfect believers are the best in conduct and best of you are those who are best to their wives. (Ibn-Hanbal, No. 7396)
Behold, many women came to Muhammad’s wives complaining against their husbands (because they beat them) – those (husbands) are not the best of you.
As the woman’s right to decide about her marriage is recognized, so also her right to seek an end for an unsuccessful marriage is recognized. To provide for the stability of the family, however, and in order to protect it from hasty decisions under temporary emotional stress, certain steps and waiting periods should be observed by men and women seeking divorce. Considering the relatively more emotional nature of women, a good reason for asking for divorce should be brought before the judge.
c) Women as Mothers
"A man came to the Prophet (s.w) and asked him: 'O Prophet of Allah! Who is the most deserving and worthy of my good company?'
Allah's Prophet (S.A.W) answered: "Your mother."
The man asked: 'Who comes next after her?'
He said: "Your mother."
The man asked again: 'Who comes next after her?'
He said: "Your mother."
The man asked again: 'Who comes next after her?'
He said: "Your father." [Bukhari #5625 & Muslim#2548]
This comprehensive lesson is a summary proving that the mothers deserve the utmost in obedience, benevolence and concern throughout their lives.
This tradition indicates that a mother has three times the rights of that of a father due to the sufferings she experiences during the various stages of her child's life; in pregnancy, delivery, nursing, and raising the child. Allah, the Exalted, states in the Glorious Qur'an:
"And we have enjoined on man to be dutiful and good to his parents. His mother bore him in weakness and hardship upon weakness and hardship........" (31:14)
Mothers are given priority over fathers in terms of special kindness, care, duty, help, and obedience. Both parents, in accordance with Islamic teachings and principles, are to be obeyed, respected and not differed with as long as they do not command or order their children to disobey their Creator. Allah, states in the Qur'an: "And if parents strive with you to make you join in worship with Me that of which you have no knowledge, then obey them not, but behave with them in the worldly (affairs) kindly........." (31:15)
Islam's encouragement to sons and daughters to treat their mothers with kindness, obedience and care - and to beckon to give any possible assistance to their parents in their various daily household chores - Disobeying parents, disrespecting them and failing to fulfill their rights is the greatest of sins.

Sir I salute you for writing this long long answers. Rep= +1