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A2 ECONOMICS: Guess Paper-4

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Note: Guess means something predicted based on experience and evaluation skills. It can never be the actual keep it in mind. According to my speculation Examiner will ask the same questions but with different statements. But the same knowledge will be tested InshaAllah. Those who are very week in studies are advised to learn at least Q.1, 3 and 5.
V.V.V.V.V Important questions 1, 3 and 5. Don’t forget to revise them. I wish all of you best of luck!
Section B
1. In 2006 it was reported that a country’s unemployment rate had remained steady
and that its central bank, through its interest rate policy, had prevented an
increase in inflation despite a sharp rise in oil prices.

(a) Explain what might cause unemployment. [12]
(b) Discuss how interest rate policy might prevent a rise in inflation. [13]

2. (a) Explain the factors influencing the level of investment in an economy. [10]
(b) Discuss the extent to which national income is determined by private
investment. [15]

3. Discuss how far the GDP figure might be used to determine whether one country
has higher living standards than another. [25]

4 Airbus, a large aircraft manufacturing company, announced in 2007 that its goal
was to increase its $475 million research budget by 25 % in order to try to develop
a more environmentally friendly aircraft that had lower fuel consumption.

(a) Explain why Airbus is likely to be in an imperfect rather than a perfect market
structure. [10]
(b) Economics textbooks sometimes criticise firms in imperfect competition as being
against the public interest. What does this mean, and how far does the Airbus
announcement prove the textbooks wrong? [15]
5. Discuss what might cause inequalities in wage rates in an economy. [25]
6. In 2009 there were huge fires in Australia which destroyed much property and
countryside.
The government promised to allocate a large amount of money and resources to
help with the restoration of the area.
(a) With the help of diagrams explain what is meant by efficiency in the use of
resources. [12]
(b) Discuss the economic implications of the government’s approach to the situation. [13]
7. Most governments aim for full employment and stable prices. Which of those two aims should your government seek to achieve in the coming year and how might this choice affect the other aim? [25]
 
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Data Response 3. The Success of Supermarkets
In some countries supermarkets dominate food shopping. In the UK 75% of the food bought forhome use comes from supermarkets. A third of that comes from one supermarket, Tesco. Tesco makes billions of pounds profit, one third of which goes to the government in taxes. It employs 110 000 people in the UK and many more in developing countries.
In the past, UK shoppers queued to buy expensive food from many small shops with limited choice and restricted opening times. Now, in supermarkets, they have the benefit of a wide choice, reasonable prices, international dishes, organic produce, fair trade items, clear labels of the contents of the products and, because of intense competition between the supermarkets, some open 24 hours.
However, the media complain that supermarkets are not competitive but monopolies. They say their profits are too high, they have caused small shops to close and forced suppliers in developing countries to accept low prices and to pay low wages.
It must be remembered that supermarkets grew because they gave the customer what they wanted and aimed at certain types of shoppers. One supermarket, which started as a small shop, insisted on selling only high quality products while another offered customers low prices.
Supermarkets also adapted to changing market trends. One began to supply products with its own brand name which were sold more cheaply because there were no advertising costs. A further brilliant idea in expanding their business was the introduction of a store loyalty card. Shoppers with a loyalty card are given discounts which encourages them to continue to shop in the same supermarket.
The most successful supermarkets expanded their businesses by buying large sites to build hugestores. (They are criticised for such building, especially if it destroys parts of the countryside or environment.) They expanded into non-food products to fill these stores, making it possible for consumers to buy many household items from clothes to kitchen utensils to electrical goods in the same shop. Supermarkets have also recently introduced on-line shopping and home deliveries.
Many small shops have closed. There are bound to be casualties in retailing. How can the blame for that be the fault of the supermarket? Their size should not be a concern. It is, after all, the consumer who decides where to shop and what to buy.
(a) How has the type of market structure in food retailing in the UK changed? [3]
(b) To what extent does the article support the view that the consumer is sovereign in food retailing? [4]
(c) Explain what the various objectives of a firm might be. [5]
(d) Do you agree with the conclusion of the article that the size of a firm should not be a source of concern? [8]
 
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Solution to Data Response No.1
1.(a) North sea oil industry is providing 250,000 jobs in the country. So, it will have a positive impact on national income. People will raise more income. They will increase spending, and investments will rise having a multiplier effect on national income. Balance of trade will also become favourable because income from exports may rise or payment on imports may fall due to the expansion of oil industry. Use of domestic oil will also result in increase in national income ofUK.
(b) It seems to be expanding on the grounds that the number of jobs is increasing. It may be the result of exploration of oil from new oil fields. Level of investment is also increasing. Technological progress and advancement is also taking place. Government is also encouraging new entry to the industry, and oil companies are earning huge profits. But we can also see some point showing decline in the industry as well like production level is falling as shown in figure (1). Price level is increasing, so demand may fall. However, we cannot certainly conclude whether it is expanding or declining because absolute figures (numerical data) are not provided. So, overall impact is uncertain. If expansion is higher than decline then it will finally show an expansion but if decline is greater than expansion then overall impact will be showing downward trend. If expansion and decline are in the same proportion then industry will remain at the same stage.
(c) Evidence to show thatNorth Sea oil industry is still prepared to increase investment is available in following statements;
* Prices are rising which is incentive for increasing investment (see graph).
* Profits are increasing because chancellor is increasing taxes for high profitability.
* Small firms have also advantage.
* Government is changing rules regarding oil industry.
* There is possibility to discover new oil fields.
(d) Usually small firms are the firms in which small amount of capital is invested and owner of the business has personal touch with their customers. So, he can advise his customer to buy certain goods as he is a good source of information for the customers as well as manufacturers. These firms satisfy the demands of some specific local area. These type of firms employ a few number of workers. They have reasonable profits with a few transactions.
But this concept contradicts with that of oil firms. These firms have large investment, a large number of workers are working in these industries and they are not meant to satisfy the demand of some specific area. They do not have personal touch with the customers.
 
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2. Income, Spending and Prices in the US
Table 1 Some economic indicators for the US economy
clip_image002.jpg
Consumer spending in the US fell by 0.8% in November 2008 and by a further 1% in December. December 2008 was the sixth consecutive month in which consumers cut back on their spending. Between October and December 2008 spending fell by a record 8.9%. Consumers were in a mood to increase their savings but not to go out and spend. Generally, that’s a good thing, but not when everyone does it at the same time.
By January 2009, the savings rate in the US had reached the highest it had been for 14 years. This increase in savings was caused by low consumer confidence and the fear of higher unemployment.
Declining consumer spending is a particularly troubling sign for the US economy, because spending accounts for more than two-thirds of GDP. GDP fell by 3.9% between October and December 2008, the sharpest decline in 26 years.
This decline in spending resulted in
– a proposed $888 billion stimulus plan from the government, including about
$278 billion in tax cuts,
– companies reducing their workforce to cut costs because of falling revenue,
– the expectation that business investment, which accounts for about one-tenth
of US GDP, would decline during 2009.
(a) What evidence is there in the data that the economic situation in the US improved after December 2008? [3]
(b) How far is there any consistent link in the data between
(i) changes in personal income and consumer spending and
(ii) changes in overall prices and consumer spending? [5]
(c) Explain why a fall in spending might be expected to lead to a fall in business investment. [4]
(d) Do you agree that a rise in savings is generally ‘a good thing, but not when everyone does it at the same time’ (line 5)? [8]
 
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hi there sir! I have just sent an email to you! pls check! I need those answers ASAP!!! I am really feeling nervous right now & i hope i get good score this time as i am resitting it :(!!! thanks sir!
 
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Data Responses:

1. The North Sea oil industry
The UK drills for oil in the North Sea. In 1999, production was at 4.5 million barrels a day. However, as the oil in the easily accessible oil fields was used up, production fell steadily from 1999 until it reached 3.3 million barrels a day in 2005.
Nevertheless, in 2006, many in the oil industry did not consider it to be in decline. Indeed, some of the industry’s problems were associated with an expanding industry, not a declining one. The managers complained, for example, about the shortage of skilled labour and the high rents of the oil rigs. Investment increased by 30% in 2006 and it was hoped that production would rise in 2007.
The UK government was keen to keep production high as the industry supported 250 000 jobs and had a large impact on the trade balance of the UK. One way to keep production high is to explore for new oil fields. Another way is to use every drop of oil from the existing oil fields. Sometimes a large company leaves an oil field which still has substantial amounts of oil because although it is technically possible to extract the oil, it is not profitable to do so. However, a smaller company is often able to drill profitably for the oil when it is unprofitable for a large company.
In view of this, the UK government encouraged smaller and more enterprising firms. In 2005, 152 licences to drill were given to 99 companies. These new licences gave companies exclusive rights to develop the more inaccessible oil fields for six years rather than four years as before.
Furthermore, the government also changed the rules on access to pipelines – which are often owned by large companies – so that smaller companies could get their oil to the market more easily.
The Chancellor of the Exchequer (Minister of Finance) also made changes. In 2002, he raised the tax on oil company profits to 40% from the usual company rate of 30%, and raised it again in 2005 to 50%. The justification given was that the oil companies made huge profits.
The industry is more dependent than ever on large expensive technological advances and innovation. Most of the government’s reforms recognised this.
clip_image002.gif
(a) How might the North Sea oil industry have an impact on the national income of the UK? [4]
(b) From the information given, consider whether the North Sea oil industry appears to be declining or expanding. [6]
(c) What evidence is there that might explain why the North Sea oil industry is still prepared to increase investment? [4]
(d) Discuss whether the increase in the number of small firms drilling for oil contradicts the usual economic explanation of the existence of small firms. [6]
 
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Sir please send the solved answer for you guess paper. I had mailed you yesterday but i didnt receive your reply. Thanks in advance!
 
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Hi dear students I hope you have completed your preparation. Exam is getting very close do your best to get A* inshaAllah. I would be available tomorrow for the whole day to discuss your problems. So, find out your problems and it would be better to join me on facebook for maximum discussion. [email protected]
 
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What about question 5??? i feel its important! I want its answer!
 
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