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ATP : CHEM , BIO , PHY ( POST YOUR DOUBTS HERE )

daredevil

daredevil

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convent2012 said:
i need bio atp notes . help me !!
thanks in advance :)
Click to expand...
HEyy guys i had some really good help from my teacher today.
first of all the chapters that are most likely to come are nutrition and transport in plants, nutrition in animals, nutrition, ecology/ecosystem, germination, genetics, micro-organisms, coordination and response (with locomotion and all).
other than that what i reccomend is that u go through all the INVERSTIGATIONS in the book and answer the observation questions. if u can't take help from someone... i did. those investigations cover prety much all of it. also go through the investifgations from the mary jones book. it has them in a bit better detail. and leaves little to be asked.
magnification is important. take care of when to include the multiplication factor and REMEMBER THER FORMULA.
Labelling is important especially for bones (humerus, scapula, radius and ulna), mucles (biceps and triceps), reflex action, germination (seed labelling of embryo, mesocarp, pericarp, epicarp, cotyledon, radicle, plumule, testa), skin, look at the other diagrams if u find somethin important.


exam tips are that
- first of all do all questions except graphs. leave graph for the end bcuz it takes time.
- determine from which topic the question has come.
-in graph questions determine which value should come on x axis and which one on y axis. (the linearly changing or known value comes on x axis mostly time and and unknown or chenging not on regular intervals comes on y axis). label axis (time; distance; etc) and also give units on the axes (/hours; /metres; etc.) draw best fit curve/straight line (as appropriate).
-what can be done to make the experiment more reliable:-
* repeat experiment to take average for accurate results
* take measurement at equal time intervals
* take the same amount of sample for each experiment
* keep other environmental factors constant
- designing experiment -- > these experiments mostly come from book so its better to get an understanding of the working of the experiments in the book.
- when boiling water mostly it is for removing O2. for example in the experimnet to test for the presense of stomata the water is first heated so as to remove the dissolved O2 from water. thus the bubbles when seen are only from the gaseous excchange through stomata.
-KOH --> dissolves CO2
NaHCO3 -- > provides CO2
- hydrogen bicarbonate indicator turns red in neutral; yellow in acidic and purple in alkaline solutions. so when CO2 is present in water the indicator turns yellow (carbonis acid)
- leaf is put in ethanol to remove chlorophyll (this makes the ethanol green and the leaf white)
- after heating with ethanol (in a water bath) a leaf is put in distilled water before testing to remove ethanol traces from it.

here i hope these help :)
 
convent2012

convent2012

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daredevil said:
HEyy guys i had some really good help from my teacher today.
first of all the chapters that are most likely to come are nutrition and transport in plants, nutrition in animals, nutrition, ecology/ecosystem, germination, genetics, micro-organisms, coordination and response (with locomotion and all).
other than that what i reccomend is that u go through all the INVERSTIGATIONS in the book and answer the observation questions. if u can't take help from someone... i did. those investigations cover prety much all of it. also go through the investifgations from the mary jones book. it has them in a bit better detail. and leaves little to be asked.
magnification is important. take care of when to include the multiplication factor and REMEMBER THER FORMULA.
Labelling is important especially for bones (humerus, scapula, radius and ulna), mucles (biceps and triceps), reflex action, germination (seed labelling of embryo, mesocarp, pericarp, epicarp, cotyledon, radicle, plumule, testa), skin, look at the other diagrams if u find somethin important.


exam tips are that
- first of all do all questions except graphs. leave graph for the end bcuz it takes time.
- determine from which topic the question has come.
-in graph questions determine which value should come on x axis and which one on y axis. (the linearly changing or known value comes on x axis mostly time and and unknown or chenging not on regular intervals comes on y axis). label axis (time; distance; etc) and also give units on the axes (/hours; /metres; etc.) draw best fit curve/straight line (as appropriate).
-what can be done to make the experiment more reliable:-
* repeat experiment to take average for accurate results
* take measurement at equal time intervals
* take the same amount of sample for each experiment
* keep other environmental factors constant
- designing experiment -- > these experiments mostly come from book so its better to get an understanding of the working of the experiments in the book.
- when boiling water mostly it is for removing O2. for example in the experimnet to test for the presense of stomata the water is first heated so as to remove the dissolved O2 from water. thus the bubbles when seen are only from the gaseous excchange through stomata.
-KOH --> dissolves CO2
NaHCO3 -- > provides CO2
- hydrogen bicarbonate indicator turns red in neutral; yellow in acidic and purple in alkaline solutions. so when CO2 is present in water the indicator turns yellow (carbonis acid)
- leaf is put in ethanol to remove chlorophyll (this makes the ethanol green and the leaf white)
- after heating with ethanol (in a water bath) a leaf is put in distilled water before testing to remove ethanol traces from it.

here i hope these help :)
Click to expand...
i wish i could hit like bottom more than once :) thanks
 
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