Biology; Chemistry; Physics: Post your doubts here!

[asadalam]

What is Galvanizing and Sacrificial Protection? [Chemistry] :/

Galvanizing is the electroplating with a more reactive metal e.g zinc galvanizing on iron buckets,while sacrificial protection is attaching blocks of more reactive metal to one metal as far as i know.Both are fundamentally the same but in galvanizing electroplating is involved.

 

[asadalam]

3 answers at the same time!Salute to the XPC community for being so helpful

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

baki sara kuchh is v good. but where the hel did this protien come from in genes?

Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.

During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene’s DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which “reads” the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).

The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

NOO doubts .......... strange!!!!!!!

 

[Nabeel.Ahmad]

Galvanizing is the electroplating with a more reactive metal e.g zinc galvanizing on iron buckets,while sacrificial protection is attaching blocks of more reactive metal to one metal as far as i know.Both are fundamentally the same but in galvanizing electroplating is involved.

both galvanizing and sacrificial protection are methods of preventing rusting

in galvanizing, a layer of zinc is electroplated on iron to prevent air and water from coming in contact with the iron
it is done on dustbins mostly

in sacrificial protection, magnesium is connected to the iron. Mg being more reactive reacts with the water and air instead of the iron. therefore no water or air comes in contact with the iron and the iron does not rust. this method is used in ships mostly

Galvanizing iron means coating it with zinc. Zinc is much more corrosion-resistant than iron (despite being a more active metal) because its oxide, ZnO, adheres to the surface of the metal rather than spalling off to expose more zinc to the atmosphere. In other words, the iron is covered by a metal which does not corrode.
Sacrificial protection, on the other hand, entails protecting the iron with a sacrificial anode made of a more active metal such as magnesium, which will oxidize preferentially to the iron. The iron cannot be oxidized because the iron cations will be reduced by the more active metal anode. When the sacrificial anode is depleted, the iron will begin to corrode.
I HOPE IT HELPS....

Thanks.
I understand now!

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

Thanks.
I understand now!

WHY ME LAST ...! RATHER THAN I WAS FIRST....
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JUST KIDDING MAN...

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

READING EQUILIBRIUM.....
Getting confused about "temperature" and "pressure" in Endothermic $ Exothermic reaction.....!!!1

 

[black widow]

READING EQUILIBRIUM.....
Getting confused about "temperature" and "pressure" in Endothermic $ Exothermic reaction.....!!!1

if there are a greater no. of moles on the reactants side and fewer on the product's side, then increasing the pressure will shift the POSITION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM towards the right and the RATE OF REACTION will increase for both the forward and backward reactions, but the forward reaction will increase more

if we increase the temperature of an Endothermic reaction, then the POSITION OF EQUILIBRIUM will shift towards the right, the opposite for Exothermic reactions
the RATE OF REACTION will increase for both cases (endothermic or exothermic)

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

if there are a greater no. of moles on the reactants side and fewer on the product's side, then increasing the pressure will shift the POSITION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM towards the right and the RATE OF REACTION will increase for both the forward and backward reactions, but the forward reaction will increase more

if we increase the temperature of an Endothermic reaction, then the POSITION OF EQUILIBRIUM will shift towards the right, the opposite for Exothermic reactions
the RATE OF REACTION will increase for both cases (endothermic or exothermic)

can u elaborate more please ... i didn't get much....

 

[Nabeel.Ahmad]

if there are a greater no. of moles on the reactants side and fewer on the product's side, then increasing the pressure will shift the POSITION OF THE EQUILIBRIUM towards the right and the RATE OF REACTION will increase for both the forward and backward reactions, but the forward reaction will increase more

if we increase the temperature of an Endothermic reaction, then the POSITION OF EQUILIBRIUM will shift towards the right, the opposite for Exothermic reactions
the RATE OF REACTION will increase for both cases (endothermic or exothermic)

This is about that ''Reversible reactions'' topic, right?

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

This is about that ''Reversible reactions'' topic, right?

please elaborate my doubt please.....

 

[black widow]

can u elaborate more please ... i didn't get much....

u were confused about endothermic and exothermic
however, there is more to it
if we change the temperature or pressure for a reaction in dynamic equilibrium, then 2 things will be affected
1 - Rate of Reaction
2 - Position of Equilibrium

the position of equilibrium is concerned with the amount of product/ reactant formed

if we have an exothermic reaction, and we increase the temperature, then the backward reaction will be favored and more products will be converted to reactants
if there is a greater no. of moles on the reactant side, then the forward reaction will be favored if we increase the presuure

 

[black widow]

This is about that ''Reversible reactions'' topic, right?

yes

 

[Nabeel.Ahmad]

please elaborate my doubt please.....

In some reactions, there are two reactions taking place at the same time.

N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3

The forward reaction is exothermic, and the backward reaction is endothermic, as NH3 is being decomposed. Broken down, into constitutent elements.
Increasing the temperature will favour the backward reaction, and more NH3 will be decomposed, and the yield of Ammonia will be reduced.
But decreasing the temperature will favour the forward reaction, and maximum NH3 will be produced.

This is the effect of TEMPERATURE on a reversible reaction. One is EXOTHERMIC, and less temperature helps it, one is ENDOTHERMIC and more temperature favours it.

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

u were confused about endothermic and exothermic
however, there is more to it
if we change the temperature or pressure for a reaction in dynamic equilibrium, then 2 things will be affected
1 - Rate of Reaction
2 - Position of Equilibrium

the position of equilibrium is concerned with the amount of product/ reactant formed

if we have an exothermic reaction, and we increase the temperature, then the backward reaction will be favored and more products will be converted to reactants
if there is a greater no. of moles on the reactant side, then the forward reaction will be favored if we increase the presuure

to the point man to the point...

 

[black widow]

the topic of reversible reactions is very short but complex
there are many concepts involved which all of them cannot be explained by typing here
instead by watching lectures or contacting ur teacher, u will understand this better through verbal contact

 

[Nabeel.Ahmad]

Pressure and TEMPERATURE both have effect on RATE OF REACTION?

Position of Equilibrium. What is that? :/

 

[♣♠ MagneD ♣♠]

Pressure and TEMPERATURE both have effect on RATE OF REACTION?

Position of Equilibrium. What is that? :/

position means it will either be forward or baCkward reaCtion.... IS IT RIGHT???

 

[black widow]

Pressure and TEMPERATURE both have effect on RATE OF REACTION?

Position of Equilibrium. What is that? :/

pressure will only affect if the reaction has gases only like the ammonia one
if we increase the pressure, the reactants will gain more energy and collide more frequently with each other in a unit time, thus the rate of reaction will increase

 

[Nabeel.Ahmad]

position will be either it will be forward or baCkward reaCtion.... IS IT RIGHT???

I think it's about the formation of products.

In a reversible reaction, if one reaction is having more effect, due to temperature or pressure, and more products are being formed, the position of equilibrium will be in the direction of its products.