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For b(i), they have already stated that the wire is of uniform resistance. Thus, as the distance between two points on the wire increases, according to pL/A, the resistance and as a result, the P.D across those two points will also increase.Question 7 part b...Please help usama321 and others.
http://papers.xtremepapers.com/CIE/Cambridge International A and AS Level/Physics (9702)/9702_w05_qp_2.pdf
For the second part, you have to understand how the voltmeter actually works. It shows how much of a voltage drop there is between two points. If there is no voltage difference between two points, then it would give us a reading of zero.
Now we already know that the voltage at point B is 2.7, and 1.8 has already been dessipated across CB. The voltmeter would only give us a reading of zero if the voltage at point M is also 2.7, resulting in no potential "difference" between the two points. As a result, there would be a pd of 2.7 across M and Q
This part is quite easy, as we already know that voltage is proportional to length. just use ratios here.
Now the last part. Warming the thermistor would decrease its resistance, resulting in a less PD across it as the voltage remains constant. Thus there would be a higher PD between CB, and there would be less voltage at point B. Thus we will have to increase the distance between PM or decrease it between MQ, so that the PD on both sides of the voltmeter is same.