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A Level Economics:

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its progressive tax which works as a fiscal drag during boom and fiscal boost during recession. it brings stability and avoids too much fluctuation.

sir the bamford book says that automatic stabilizers includes certain forms of govt. expenditures as well, cuz see if for example, the economy is facing recession, causing
national income per head to fall and increasing unemployment, govt. expenditure will have to increase in the form of universal benefits, causing an increase in consumption, shift in AE function and a rise in GDP, hence also acting as an 'automatic stabilizer'.??
 
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should we put Marginal social benefit and Marginal social cost
cant we just put demnd and supply and put over/under production for merit and demeri goods?
 
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should we put Marginal social benefit and Marginal social cost
cant we just put demnd and supply and put over/under production for merit and demeri goods?
You can use demand and supply because demand is always equal to MSB and supply is MSC.
However, it makes a little easier to use the graphs of MSC and MSB directly instead of demand and supply.
 
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The PED for imports is price In-elastic. Imagine a government imposing tariff on petrol, there would be a little change in the demand however, the price would shoot up, due to this, the balance of trade would worsen off. This affect would also be observed in terms of trade as now, the imports would cost more so terms of trade would also be worsen.
 
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