its progressive tax which works as a fiscal drag during boom and fiscal boost during recession. it brings stability and avoids too much fluctuation.
sir the bamford book says that automatic stabilizers includes certain forms of govt. expenditures as well, cuz see if for example, the economy is facing recession, causing
national income per head to fall and increasing unemployment, govt. expenditure will have to increase in the form of universal benefits, causing an increase in consumption, shift in AE function and a rise in GDP, hence also acting as an 'automatic stabilizer'.??