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let me point out, understanding a theory and discovering one are completely two different things, understanding requires you to have the idea/concept clear in the mind, where as discovering requires a lot of effort/time etc,+ am not saying that I consider discovering basics, although I discovered a math formula, and I already have shown it to our senior high school teacher, so in both cases, I understand and discovered some mathactually it is correlated because one area of this field deals with the concepts and mathematical models and the other uses observations and experiments to test those mathematical models and theories, without understanding the effort required to develop the theories you mention as "basic" you will not be prepared for the hard work required at the undergrad and graduate level, the theories you mentioned are NOT basic by any means you will only understand that when you enter the field or are at graduate level, most students simply cannot cope with the mathematics required and drop out
so to demonstrate the amount of time/effort required
one example for Einstein to find e=mc2 and then test it
http://www.stresscure.com/hrn/einstein.html (there are better links)
another example Einstein theorized Gravitational Waves (not Gravity Waves) and after 40 years of consistent work the Gravitational Waves were detected using the LIGO
https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/news/ligo20160211
https://www.theguardian.com/science...on-gives-hints-on-dark-matter-and-black-holes
so when you look at the theories you mentioned in an in-depth then the mathematics and the observation required to confirm the mathematics becomes VERY challenging, so calling these theories as "basic" is incorrect these are advanced theories that is why even at the A-levels the syllabus requires you to just skim through it at best, to understand the true complexity of these theories you need to understand the math required
https://www.quora.com/What-kinds-of-math-do-you-use-majoring-in-astrophysics
if you still find these theories as basic and can do the mathematics in your mind the way Stephen Hawking does it, then you should attempt working on a side project and hand it over to universities when applying
one more thing to note is that some graduate student programs (in top unis graduate means Phd because of the assumptions that an MSc student in the natural and pure sciences will try for a Phd) require a foreign language
http://math.mit.edu/academics/grad/timeline/language.php
If you are interested, PM me to know