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[Irfan Atique]

Question: Explain the importance of:
• Hazrat Bibi Khadija (R.A) during the lifetime of the Prophet (S.A.W)
• Hazrat Bibi Ayesha (R.A) following Prophet (S.A.W) death.
Hazrat Khadija (R.A):
Hazrat Bibi Khadija (R.A) was the daughter of Khwailid Ibne Assad of Banu Assad of Quraish tribe. She shares the ancestor Qussay with the Prophet (S.A.W). Khadija (R.A) was called ‘At-Tahira’ (the pure one) due to her virtuous character and was called ‘Qubra’ later after her death as she was the eldest wife of Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was 25 years old and Hazrat Bibi Khadija (R.A) was 40 years old when they got married. Hazrat Bibi Khadija (R.A) bore 6children of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) namely Al-Qasim (R.A), Zainab (R.A), Ruqaya (R.A), Umm-e-Kulsum (R.A), Fatimah (R.A) and Abdullah (R.A). She was the first wife of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and first woman to accept Islam. When Muhammad (S.A.W) was away in seclusion in the cave of Hira she used to bring food and water for him in the cave of Hira before the Prophet Hood. Whenever, he was late coming home she used to send servants to meet him (S.A.W). This gave the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) moral support that encourage him and also strengthen his financial support that allowed him time for more thought and meditation.
After the first revelation she was the one who comforted him by saying “You always helped the poor and needy and never harmed any one. Allah will not leave you astray” (Sahih Bukhari) Allah loved this consoling of Hazrat Khadija so much that He describes her in Surah Duha verse no. 8. She always believed in him that encourage him when he met opposition and persecution of the Quraish and she always stood by his side with honor and patience during this persecution, even when early Muslims were under siege in Shaib-e-Abi Talib, she was too went under siege with the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and stayed there for 2 to 3 years. Hazrat Khadija (R.A) never deserted him even though it caused her suffering. After 25 years of happy marriage, 3 years before Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) great migration she passed away at the age of 65 and this year in which Khadija tul-Qubra passed away, the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) called this year as the year of Grief (Am-al-Huzan). The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) remembered her in these words “She believed in me when others disbelieved, and confirmed my truthfulness and others called be soothsayer” (Sahih Bukhari). Once he said to Hazrat Ayesha (R.A) “Khadija’s love is given to me by Allah (SWT).” (Sahih Bukhari)

Hazrat Bibi Ayesha (R.A): During Prophet (S.A.W)’s Life time
The life of Hazrat Aisha (R.A) is proof that a woman can be far more learned than men and that she can be the teacher of scholars and experts. Her life is also proof that the same woman can be totally feminine and be a source of pleasure, joy and comfort to her husband.
In her youth, already known for her striking beauty and her formidable memory, she came under the loving care and attention of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) himself. As his wife and close companion she acquired from him knowledge and insight such as no woman has acquired. Hazrat Aisha Siddiqa bint Al Siddiq is the second most beloved wife of the Prophet Muhmmad (S.A.W) after his first wife Khadija (R.A). As her nickname implies, she was the daughter of Abu Bakr Al Siddiq the closest friend of the Prophet and his first successor or caliph. She is given the title "Siddiqa" because of an incident after which God Almighty testified to her honesty, trustworthiness and purity. Books of Seerah tell us about it as the following: When the Prophet returned victorious from the battle of Bani Al Mustaliq, Aisha was accompanying him. On its way back to Madinah, not very far away from it the army stopped part of the night; then it was allowed to continue the journey which the army did until it entered Madinah. The camel of Aisha was led to her house with her small cabin on its back. To the astonishment of all onlookers Aisha was not there. So the news spread like fire; and the Prophet and his companions started to search everywhere; after a short while, however, Aisha was seen riding another camel led by a companion called Safwan Ibn Muattil Al Salami. At that very moment the leader of the hypocrites Abdullah bin ubay bin Salool accursed her for fornication this was indeed an extremely hard time not only for Aisha and her father Abu Bakr Al Siddiq but for the Prophet as well who approached Aisha and said: If you committed anything, then confess it and repent to God who will forgive you.
These statements only increased the sufferings of Aisha so much so that she fell seriously ill. It was only the Divine revelation that acquitted her and declared her innocence and purity. This took place after a whole month of adversity and hardship. That is why Aisha deserved the title of Siddiqa, the truthful, because God Almighty testified to her honesty. She was distinguished for her virtues – piety learning, wisdom, simplicity, generosity and the care with which she safeguarded and faithfully reported the religious sermons of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). She bravely criticized the thing that she thought against Islam. Her simplicity and modesty serve as a guiding light to all the Muslim ladies of the world. There were hardly three successive days during the life time of her husband (S.A.W), when Hazrat Ayesha (RA) had a full meal. The night when the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) breathed his last she had no light to lighten her lamp, nor anything to eat.
After Prophet (S.A.W)’s demise
Hazrat Ayesha (RA) was blessed with an amazing memory. She listened to the lectures given by the Holy Prophet (SA.W.) to the delegates and other people most attentively. Sometimes she asked the opinion of her husband (S.A.W) on delicate matters relating to Islam. This secured her position as the most authentic reporter and scholar of the tradition of him (S.A.W). Hazrat Ayesha (RA) remained with Holy Prophet (S.A.W) for ten years.
She was a distinguished woman in the Islamic science of Hadis, and Ulloom-ul-Quran. She had a photographic memory, thanks to her intelligence, understanding, and desire for learning, good memory that’s why she remembered more than 2 thousand Hadis from Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). After Prophet’s (S.A.W) death large number of companions and successors visited her and sort her advice, particularly in the field of ‘Fiqh’ and Hadis. She was recognized as an important source of teachings of Islam after the death of Holy Prophet (S.A.W). She played a significant part in important decisions made in early years and she was one of the companions to issue the highest number of ‘Fatawah’. She became one of the seven companions to transmit the greatest number of Hadis. After Hazrat Usman (R.A) was martyred, she demanded the punishment from Khalifa Hazrat Ali (R.A) which led to a discord; some would say that her part in revolt of Hazrat Zubair and Hazrat Talha (R.A) caused the final split in the Muslim community no one has the right to judge or say anything against them as Allah Himself said for them in the Quran: "Vanguard (of Islam) the first of those who forsook (their homes) and those who gave them aid and (also) those who follow them in (all) good deeds, well pleased is Allah with them as are they with Him........” (9:100). The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said “Don’t rebuke my companions; If someone of you spends as much gold as Uhad, he will not reach the reward of ‘one mud’ of anyone of them, nor half of it” (Agreed Upon).. Hazrat Ayesha (R.A) lived for another 47 years after the death of Prophet (S.A.W) and died in 57 or 58 year A.H, when she was 66 years old and she was buried in Jannat-ul-Baqi.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Describe the work carried out by the scribes of the Prophet (S.A.W) in writing down the revelation? [5]
Answer: Kateeben-e-Wahi or scribes of the divine revelation are referred to as those companions who wrote, memorized and organized the verses of the Holy Quran in their proper order on the command of Allah to his messenger (S.A.W) and then to the scribes.
They helped the Prophet (S.A.W) because he was unlettered. They were close companions like Hazrat Abu Bakr Saddiq (R.A), Hazrat Umar (R.A), Hazrat Usman (R.A), Hazrat Ali (R.A), Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A), Hazrat Abdullah Ibne Masood (R.A), Hazrat Ubaid bin Kaab (S.A.W), Zubair bin Al-Awam (R.A), Yazeed bin Abu Sufyan. Whenever any revelation was revealed, Holy Prophet (S.A.W) would learn it by heart and so would his companions particularly the scribes, than the scribes inscribed the verses on different objects like stone tablets sleek leather, pieces of wood, shoulder blades and bones of camels etc. He (S.A.W) also stated to have tried to repeat the revelation on receiving it lest he might forgot any portion before dictating it. In the case of piecemeal revelation of verses of the longer Surahs, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) indicated them the exact place where a particular verse was to be inserted; he also pin pointed out which surah was to be put after which Surah. Therefore, the Holy Quran was codified, and the arrangement of the verses was completed during his (S.A.W)’s lifetime. There was always a scribe on hand to take down a revelation from the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Beside recorded evidence a number of companions had learned the Holy Quran by heart and preserved it in their memories in its complete form and arrangement. The scribes of the divine revelation were the people who were instructed by the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to write down the Quran. Allah has called them honorable, pious and just. The Quran says “(It is) in books held (greatly) in honor. Exalted (in dignity) kept pure and holy (written) by the hands of scribes Honorable and Pious and Just.” (14:16)
Bukhari narrates under the heading ‘The Amanuenses’ of the Prophet (S.A.W)’. “When the verse ‘La-yastawi-al-Qadun….” (4:95) was revealed. Prophet (S.A.W) said “bring Zaid to me and let him bring the tablet and the inkstand. Then he said to him ‘Write La-yastawi….” (The verse was revealed) (66:4). Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) played the most important part in scribing the divine revelation and being the secretary of the scribes. He’s the one who compiled the Holy Quran in one book during the period of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) and during the khilafat of Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A).
Question: Briefly explain the importance of the scribe of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)? [5]
Importance of the Scribes:
The scribes have a great importance in the history of the Muslims. Allah blessed them with the honor of being the guardians of the Holy Quran. All the Muslim generations’ and races cannot neglect their services in the making of the Quran safe forever. They were the people with high character and Allah has mentioned the salient qualities of their lofty character in the Quran and has called them honorable, pious and just.” (14:16). It is due to their efforts that the Quran is being recited in the proper dialect and accent. The compilation of the Quran by Zaid Bin Sabit (R.A) is the fountain head of all the Islamic teachings. It is the only sacred book of the world that can justly boos of the purity and authenticity of its text. Various portions of the Quran were sent down as and when the need of them arose. The moment a portion was revealed, it was written down and preserved. Some of the closest companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) performed this important duty and they were the close companions of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). They included Hazrat Abu Bakr Saddiq (R.A), Hazrat Umar (R.A), Hazrat Usman (R.A), Hazrat Ali (R.A), Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A), Hazrat Abdullah Ibne Masood (R.A), Hazrat Ubaid bin Kaab (S.A.W), Zubair bin Al-Awam (R.A), Yazeed bin Abu Sufyan.
Hazrat Zaid Bin Sabit was one of them. He was the secretary of the scribes and was always ready to take dictation from the master and was given the honor of the Chief Scribe. During the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr, in the battle of Yamamah against Musailmah about seventy people who had learnt the Quran by heart died. He was the one who compiled the Holy Quran in one book in that critical hour. During the khilafat of Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A) Zaid (R.A) did the same job and saved the Quran from being changed like Torah and Injeel.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Describe the part played by Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) in preserving the revelation after the Prophet’s (S.A.W) death? [10]
Answer: After the death of Prophet (S.A.W). During the khilafat of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) took part in the campaign against false Prophets. During the campaign against Musailmah Kazab the Liar, many companions who had memorized the Quran were martyred in the Battle of Yamamah. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) interested Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) with the duty of compiling the Quran in one menu script from different sources. Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) was aware of the weighty responsibility. He later said “By Allah! If he (Abu Bakr) had ordered me to shift one of the mountains from its place, it would not have been harder for me than what he had ordered me concerning the collection of the Holy Quran" (Sahih Bukhari). Zaid bin Sabit finally accepted the task and according to him “Started collecting the Quranic material and collecting it from parchments, scapula, leaf-stocks of date palms and from the memories of men (who knew it by heart)” (Sahih Bukhari). He used extreme cautions and meticulous techniques in compiling the Holy Quran, he collected parchments, wooden slates and stones, date palm leaves etc on which portions of the Quran were inscribed. He also listened intently of the recital of the memorizers of the Quran. He then compared what he listened with what was before him in written form. He insured that nothing was accepted from any one until confirmation was received from witnesses. This was done so to verify originality of the verses. He then tested its reliability against his own memory, and then Hazrat Umar (R.A) himself being a hafiz also tested its reliability against his memory. Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) and Hazrat Umar (R.A) used to write the Quranic verses jointly, the verified verses were than added to the menu script and finally able to compile the Quran which was known as Mashaf-ul-Hafsa remained with Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A). After his death, it passed to Hazrat Umar (R.A) who gave it to his daughter and wife of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) Hazrat Bibi Hafsa (R.A).
During the period of third Khalifa of Islam Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A), Islam had spread far and wide. Differences in reading the dialect of the Quran became obvious. Hazrat Huzaifah bin Yaman (R.A) a companion of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) who was stationed in Iraq, noticed the difference. He came to Hazrat Usman (R.A) and urged him to save the Muslim Ummah before they differ about the Quran. Hazrat Usman (R.A) again interested, Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) and some other competent companions like Hazrat Abdullah bin Zubair (R.A),Hazrat Saad bin Al-Aas and Hazrat Abdur Rahman bin Harris (R.A). They made several copes of Quran from the existing menu script and send these different provinces. Since that day the Quran had remained in its original form and they preserved the original order of the chapters. Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) was one of the foremost authorities on the Quran. The companions of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and the generations which succeeded them, came from far and wide to benefit from his knowledge. When Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) died, Hazrat Abu Hurairah (R.A): “Today the scholar of this Ummah has died.” (Sahih Bukhari).

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Who were the 10 blessed companions? Explain why they were known by these names. Write brief notes about the lives of any two of these companions who did not became caliph?
Answer: All the Prophet‘s (S.A.W) companions are blessed and exalted. Amongst them there are certain individuals whom the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) has ranked even higher. Amongst these are:
• Hazrat Abu Bakr bin Abu Quhafa (R.A)
• Hazrat Umar bin Khatab (R.A)
• Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A)
• Hazrat Ali bin Abu Talib (R.A)
• Hazrat Talha bin Ubaidullah (R.A)
• Hazrat Saeed bin Zaid (R.A)
• Hazrat Zubair bin Al-Awam (R.A)
• Hazrat Saad bin Abi-Waqqas (R.A)
• Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (R.A)
• Hazrat Abd ar-Rahman bin Auf (R.A)
These companions rendered invaluable services for the growth of Islam and expansion, and even supported Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) at the time when the early Muslims were mercilessly targeted to cruel forms of persecution. Allah (SWT) rewarded them by giving them glad tidings of entry into paradise during their lifetime that is why they are titled as Ashrah-e-Mubashrah i.e. ‘The ten blessed companions’.
Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (R.A):
He was one of the distinguish companions of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) who was the man whose right hand the Prophet (S.A.W) held and said, “In every nation there exists a man worthy of all trust and the trustworthy of this nation is Abu ‘Ubaidah Al- Jarrah’." (Bukhari) He was Ameer son of Abdullah ibn Al Jarrah ibn Helal ibn Ahib ibn Dubba ibn Alharith famously known as Abu `Ubaidah Ibn Al Jarrah. He embraced Islam at the hands of Abu Bakr As-Siddique at the dawn of Islam, even before the Prophet walked into Daar Al-Arqam. He immigrated to Abyssinia during the second emigration, and then returned to stand by the Prophet at Badr, Uhad, and the rest of the great battles. He was one of the ten men who the Prophet, peace and blessings be upon him, assured them that they would enter Paradise he adhered to the standard of Islam wherever he went, as a soldier in command with valor and esteem, and as a soldier under command with modesty and faithfulness.
He fought bravely in many battles such as for instance, in the Battle of Uhad, he realized from the way the battle was conducted that the disbelievers' first priority was to kill the great Messenger (S.A.W). To them, achieving victory was of secondary importance compared to killing the Prophet. Therefore, he decided to stay very close to where he was. When Abu `Ubaidah (S.A.W) the two rings of the Prophet's chain mail that had pierced his cheeks, he rushed and held the first one with his front teeth and pulled it out. Yet as it fell, it took out his upper front teeth as well, and the same thing happened to the lower front teeth when he pulled out the second ring. One of the most harrowing experiences that Abu Ubaidah had to go through, how harrowing, it is almost impossible to imagine. The man who he killed was Abdullah ibn al-Jarrah, the father of Abu Ubaidah! It is concerning this event that God revealed the following verses of the Quran:
"You will not find a people believing in God and the Last Day making friends with those who oppose God and His messenger even if these were their fathers, their sons, their brothers or their clan. God has placed faith in their hearts and strengthened them with a spirit from Him." (58:22). During Hazrat Umar’s caliphate he commanded the Muslim forces which captured Palestine and Syria. Hazrat Umar Ibne Khatab (R.A) appointed him as the commander of Muslim forces in place of Hazrat Khalid bin Waleed. He died in 639 A.D as a result of an out brake of a plague known as Taun Amawas near Al-Jabiya at the age of 58.
Hazrat Abd ar-Rahman bin Auf:
He is Abdur-Rahman Ibn Awf ibn Abd Awf ibn Abd Alharith ibn Zahra ibn Kilab. His name in Jahiliyyah days was Abu Amr. But when he accepted Islam the noble Prophet called him Abdur-Rahman - the servant of the Beneficent God. He was one of the eight who were the first to embrace Islam. After `Abd Ar-Rahman embraced Islam, he faced his own portion of the persecution and challenges of the Quraish. When the Prophet (S.A.W) ordered his Companions to migrate to Abyssinia Ibn `Awf (R.A) first migrated but returned back to Makkah then he immigrated to Abyssinia in the second migration, and from there to Al-Madinah, where he witnessed Badr, Uhad, and all the battles. In those days the Messenger (S.A.W) associated every two of his Companions as brothers, a Mahajir (Emigrant) from Makkah with an Ansar (Helper) from Al-Madinah. The noble Messenger (S.A.W) associated `Abd Ar-Rahman bin `Awf and Saad Ibn Ar-Rabia as brothers Saad said to Abd Ar-Rahman, “O brother, I'm the richest in Al Madinah. Take half of my fortune. And I have two wives. Choose the one you like better and I'll divorce her for you to marry.” So `Abd Ar-Rahman Ibn Awf said, “Allah blesses your family and money. Show me the way to the market.” He went to the market, bought, sold, and gained profit. One day he heard the Messenger of Allah (S.A.W) saying to him, “O Bin `Awf, you are a rich man, and you are going to crawl into Paradise. So lend to Allah in order to set your feet free.” Ever since he heard this advice from the Messenger of Allah, he started lending to Allah a goodly loan. Then Allah increased it manifold to His credit in repaying.
He distinguished himself in both the battles of Badr and Uhad. He was wounded on the Day of Uhadwith twenty wounds, one of which left a permanent lameness in one leg, and that some of his teeth fell out on the same day, leaving a clear defect in his articulation - When the Prophet (S.A.W) passed away, Abdur-Rahman took on the responsibility of looking after the needs of his family, the Ummhat al-Muminun. He would go with them wherever they wanted to and he even performed Hajj with them to ensure that all their needs were met.
This is a sign of the trust and confidence which he enjoyed on the part of the Prophet's family. While his soul was preparing for its new journey, his eyes were dripping tears and his tongue was stammering, “I'm afraid of being held up by my friends because of what I had of abundant money”. But soon, Allah's calmness overwhelmed him, and tender happiness covered his peaceful face. His ears listened closely, as if there were a sweet voice coming near them. Perhaps he was listening then to the truth of the Messenger's words (S.A.W) to him, “`Abd Ar-Rahman Ibn `Awf will enter Paradise”. Maybe he was listening also to Allah's promise in His book:
“That who spends their wealth in Cause of Allah, and do not follow up their gifts with reminders of their generosity or with injury, their reward is with their Lord. On them shall be no fear, nor shall they grieve” - (2: 262).
In A.H. 35 his Soul ascended to its Creator.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write a brief note on two of the following who did not became Caliphs:
1) Hazrat Zubair bin Al-Awam
2) Hazrat Talha Ibne Ubaidullah.
Answer: Hazrat Zubair bin Al-Awam (R.A)
Hazrat Zubair bin Al-Awam (R.A) was also one of those given the glad tidings of Paradise during the lifetime of Holy Prophet (S.A.W). He was also a cousin of Prophet (S.A.W). He embraced Islam shortly after Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) when he was just fifteen years old.
Hazrat Zubair immigrated to Abyssinia due to the severe persecution of the Quraish. From Abyssinia he migrated to Madinah. He fought alongside the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) in all of the battles including the Battle of Uhad, Khandak, conquest of Makkah, Khyber expedition, Hunnain, siege of Taif as well as Conquest of Egypt. He was the first one who drew his sword for the cause of making the word of Allah supreme.
In one of the tradition narrated upon the authority of Jabir ibn Abd-Allah (R.A) who said that the Prophet (S.A.W) said: “every Prophet has a hawaari (special helper or disciple) and my disciple is Az-Zubair ibn Al-Awam.” (Sahih Bukhari) The following verse is about Hazrat Zubair, the Quran says: “Those who responded to the call of God and the Messenger after the misfortune had fallen upon them.” (3:171) after the demise of Holy Prophet (S.A.W), Hazrat Zubair (R.A) led a life of almost total seclusion but continued his support for Islam and its armies when ever needed. He loved Hazrat Ali (R.A) very much but during Hazrat Ali’s (R.A) caliphate, he had some differences with Hazrat Ali (R.A) on the martyrdom of Hazrat Usman (R.A), these differences were due to some misunderstandings.
He participated in the battle of Camel against Hazrat Ali (R.A) but he left the battlefield after an agreement reached between Hazrat Ali (R.A) and Hazrat Bibi Ayesha (R.A). However, the mischief-makers martyred Hazrat Zubair (R.A)
Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) once said, “Talha and Zubair are my neighbors in Paradise.” (Tirmizi)
The said event of Hazrat Zubair (R.A) killing occurred in 36 A.H/ 656 A.D.
Hazrat Talha Ibne Ubaidullah (R.A)
Hazrat Talha Ibne Ubaidullah (R.A) was amongst those who were given the glad tidings of Paradise during their lifetime and he was among the early converts of Islam. He gained the unique reputation among Muslims of been called the “Living-Martyr”. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) called him Talha-Du-Al-Khair and Talha-Du-Al-Fayaad. He fought with bravery alongside the messenger of Allah (S.A.W). In the battle of Uhadhe shielded the Prophet (S.A.W) from the arrows of the enemy, with his own body so much so that his arms were severely wounded and crippled, and he carried the messenger of Allah (S.A.W) on his back until they climbed a larger boulder at that time the Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) said: “Talha has made Paradise certain for himself.” (Sahih Bukhari)
Talha also fought in all of the battle that followed and he swore his allegiance to the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) at Bait-ur-Rizwan. In one of the Hadis narrated upon the authority of Jabir ibn Abd-Allah (R.A) who said: “I heard the messenger of Allah (S.A.W) said: ‘Whoever wants to look at a martyr walking on the face of the earth than let him look at Talha ibne Ubaidullah’.” (Sahih Bukhari)
During the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) and Hazrat Umar (R.A) he remained an active and important member of the Advisory Council and his advice was taught on all important matters. Hazrat Talha (R.A) swore allegiance to the forth caliph of Islam Hazrat Ali (R.A) after the assassination of Hazrat Usman (R.A). But later he turned against Hazrat Ali (R.A) for not taking immediate actions against the murderers of Hazrat Usman (R.A) and he joined Hazrat Ayesha (R.A) in the battle of Camel.
However, negotiations took place between the two parties. After this Talha (R.A) decided to withdraw from war but however, the mischief-makers martyred him. Hazrat Talha (R.A) was 62 years old when he was martyred.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write an account of the following figures during the lifetime of the Prophet: Usman, Bilal, and Abu Talib?[10]
Answer: Hazrat Usman (R.A)
Hazrat Usman (R.A) was one of the early converts of Islam who accepted Islam when Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) invited him to Islam. Hazrat Bibi Ruqaya (R.A) the daughter of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) was married to Hazrat Usman (R.A). When life in Makkah became difficult for the Muslims due to the severe persecution of the Quraish, Hazrat Usman (R.A) and his wife Hazrat Bibi Ruqaya (R.A) migrated to Abyssinia along with other Muslims. He participated in all the battles alongside of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) except battle of Badr because Hazrat Bibi Ruqaya (R.A) was very ill and she died before the Muslims returned from Badr.
After the death of Hazrat Bibi Ruqaya (R.A) Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) gave his second daughter Umme-Kulsum (R.A) to Hazrat Usman (R.A) and he was given the title of Dhun-Nurian (The possessor of two lights). The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said, “For every Apostle of Allah there was a constant companion and my companion in paradise will be Usman (R.A).” (Tirmizi, Abne Majah)
Hazrat Usman (R.A) was one of the scribes of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). When the Mahajirin from Makkah came to Madinah, they had great difficulty in getting drinking water. Hazrat Usman (R.A) bought a well named Bi'r-i-Rumah from a Jew for twenty thousand dirhams and devoted this for free use by Muslims. He (S.A.W) gave him the glad tidings of paradise during his lifetime for this act. Hazrat Usman (R.A) made great contributions through his wealth for Islam. In the expedition of Tabuk Hazrat Usman (R.A) bore the expanses for one-third of the Islamic army. He also gave 1000 camels, 50 horses and 1000 gold coins to support the rest of the army. The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) remarked on this “Nothing will do any harm to Usman from this day, whatever he does.” (Imam-e-Ahmed) He also acted as the Prophet’s ambassador to Makkah when the Muslims first approached the city.
Hazrat Usman (R.A) was also chosen for escort the Prophet’s (S.A.W) wives at the farewell pilgrimage of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
Hazrat Bilal bin Ribah (R.A)
Hazrat Bilal bin Ribah (R.A) was an Abyssinian slave owned by Ummayah bin Khalf. He was the first slave who became one of the first Muslim in early Makkan era. When he accepted Islam, he was persecuted and tortured mercilessly. Ummayah bin Khalf used to tie him on hot desert sand and placed heavy heated boulders on his chest but Hazrat Bilal (R.A) remained stood fast and firm by saying, ‘Ahad’. Ummayah bin Khalf used to give him to the teenagers of the Makkah who used to drag him in the streets of Makkah but again the stood fastness shown by Hazrat Bilal (R.A) was unmatchable and he never gave up his faith. Finally he was freed by Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique ((R.A)0 who purchased him from Ummayah in Khalf for the cause of Islam. He migrated from Makkah to Madinah. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) made a bond of brotherhood between him and the Ansari companions, Abu Ruwaiha (R.A). Allah rewarded him for his stood fastness and patience which no other companion has received, the reward of being the first Muazan of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and Islam and Muazan in Jannah.
When Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) went for Isra and Mi’raj, before entering the Jannah, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) (S.A.W) footsteps in front of him, he asked Jibrael (A.S) about those footsteps and Jibrael (A.S) replied these are the footsteps of Hazrat Bilal (R.A). When Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) came back from Isra and Mi’raj he told Bilal (R.A) “O Bilal! I heard your footsteps in Jannah” (Sahih Bukhari, Tirmizi). In the battle of Badr, Hazrat Bilal (R.A) fought bravely and he killed his master Ummayah bin Khalf. When Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) conquered Makkah, He ordered Hazrat Bilal (R.A) to climb up the Kaabah and gave the Azan. Hazrat Bilal (R.A) participate all the battles alongside Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
Hazrat Bilal bin Ribah (R.A) died in about 18 years after Hijra and buried in Damascus.
Abu Talib
Abu Talib was son of Abdul Muttalib and he was uncle of the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and father of Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A). After the death of Abdul Muttalib, grandfather of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), he (S.A.W) came under care of his loving uncle Abu Talib at about the age when he was 8. Abu Talib trained the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) to be a great merchant. When Holy Prophet (S.A.W) became Prophet and he spread the message of Allah to the people of Quraish, they turned against him but Abu Talib gave him the protection because he was the leader of the Quraish and in that times if you are nit from any tribe they would have killed him.
Under the tribalism system because there was no law or social justice in Makkah but Abu Talib being the leader protected him in all hardships, shared his hardships like when Quraish tried to bribe him (S.A.W), tried to harm him (S.A.W), Abu Talib refused them and stood fast in protecting Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and even supported him (S.A.W) in the incident of Shaib-e-Abi Talib.
The Holy Quran mentions about Hazrat Abu Talib in this verse “Did he not find you (Muhammad (S.A.W)) an orphan and give you shelter and care?” (93:6).

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write an account of the main activities of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) and Hazrat Umar (R.A)? [10]
Answer: Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A)
Hazrat Abu Bakr Abdullah bin Abu Quhafa (R.A) from the clan Banu Taym. His pre Islamic name was Abdullah Kaabah. He was Prophet Muhammad’s (S.A.W) friend from childhood. He was the first adult free man to believe in the Holy Prophet’s (S.A.W) mission, and became his confident. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) once spoke about this, “When I invited people towards Allah, everybody thought over it and hesitated, at least for a while except Abu Bakr (R.A) who accepted my call, the moment I put it before him and he did not hesitated for a moment.” (Sahih Bukhari)
The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) gave him many titles such as ‘Siddique’ (the truthful), ‘Atique’ (free from Hell fire), and the best title was given ‘Afzal al-Bashr-e-Ba’al Al-Ambiya’a’ (Best person after the Prophet).
Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) after converted to Islam brought many other great companions into the circle of Islam like Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A), Hazrat Talha bin Zubair (R.A), Hazrat Zubair bin Al-Awam (R.A), Hazrat Abu Ubaidah bin Jarrah (R.A), Hazrat Saad bin Abi-Waqqas (R.A), he also freed many slaves, and the first one who accepted Islam was Hazrat Bilal bin Ribah (R.A). Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) remained loyal to Holy Prophet (S.A.W) at all time. He stood by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) with honor and patience and he faced fierce opposition from Quraish.
When Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) after day of Taif went for the night journey that is ‘Isra and Mi’raj’, when nobody accepted this Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was the first person to testify this journey of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) without hesitation. He was also known as ‘The companion of cave’. He accompanied Holy Prophet (S.A.W) from Makkah to Madinah. The Quran describes this as “When the disbelievers drove him out; he had no more than one companion….” (9:40). Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) gave his beloved daughter Ayesha (R.A) to be the wife of Holy Prophet (S.A.W).
He fought all the battles with the Holy Prophet (S.A.W). He used to help the poor and the needy, the distressed and the downtrodden. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) rendered invaluable services in all the battles and made financial contributions for the battles especially when Holy Prophet (S.A.W) asked his companions for the contribution, for the expedition of Tabuk, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) brought everything that he possessed. When the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) asked him, “What did you leave for your family?” Abu Bakr (R.A) replied, “I have left for them Allah and his Prophet (S.A.W).” (Sahih Bukhari).
He was appointed as the first Ameer ul-Hajj on the 9th year of Hijra when it first became obligatory. When the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) fell ill he appointed Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) to lead the prayers.
Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A)
Hazrat Umar (R.A) belonged to the “Adi” a branch of Quraish tribes. He remained a bitter enemy of Islam and the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) before his conversion. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) had prayed to God for the conversion of either Umar or Amr bin Hisham (Abu Jahl) which was soon granted. Umar one day decided to kill (God-forbid) Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and with that intension moved towards his (S.A.W) house with sword. On his way Nuaim bin Abdullah (R.A) told him about the conversion of his own sister Fatima (R.A) and her husband Said bin Zaid (R.A). Umar went to his sister’s home and he surprised his sister as she was reading Surah Taha. Umar started beating her husband, but Fatima (R.A) remained stood fast. After a while when Umar had cooled down, Umar asked her about the verses of the Quran that she was reciting. He was impressed and was moved by the verses and decided to embrace Islam.
He approached the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) at the house of Al-Arqam where Hamza (R.A) was also present and there Umar entered the fold of Islam. As Hazrat Umar (R.A) had a reputation of being a fierce and strong fighter, after his conversion to Islam the moral of the Muslims boosted so much that now they started offering prayers openly in Kaabah, after Hazrat Umar (R.A) took the bold step of entering the Kaabah with a small band of Muslims.
Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was so pleased on this that he gave Hazrat Umar (R.A) the title of ‘Farooq’ (one who distinguishes between the truth and falsehood). He protected the Muslims when they were offering Salat in the Kaabah from the persecution of the Quraish and eventually the title of Farooq became known as ‘Farooq-e-Azam’ (Farooq the great).
He is amongst the 10 blessed companions and he was also the scribe of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Hazrat Umar Farooq (R.A) gave his daughter Hafsa (R.A) in marriage to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Hazrat Umar (R.A) migrated to Madinah with other Muslims shortly before Holy Prophet (S.A.W). After the migration he remained very close to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Hazrat Umar (R.A) had great love for Allah and Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). At Madinah he shared the responsibility of founding the republic of Madinah along with Holy Prophet (S.A.W) and other distinguished companions. Hazrat Umar (R.A) rendered remarkable services in all the battles.
In the expedition of Tabuk Hazrat Umar (R.A) contributed half of his wealth and in the battle of Hunnain he was among that hand full of Muslims who stood firmly by the side of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) under great danger. The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) also had deep love for him. Once he remarked, “Were a Prophet to come after me, he would have been Umar (R.A).” (Agreed) The death of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was great shock to him that he wasn’t ready to believe. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was able to calm him down by reciting the verse (3:144). Hazrat Umar (R.A) was the first person to pledge loyalty (Bai’at) at the hand of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) and supported him throughout the duration of his rule.
Question: Why was Abu Bakr given the title ‘Saviour of Islam’? [4]
Answer: Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) also known as ‘Al-Siddique’ because when Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) came from the night’s journey (Isra wa-mi’raj) and the Quraish mocked him, Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was the only person who declared without hesitation that he believed in what the Prophet (S.A.W) said. Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) showed complete loyalty towards Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) he was first male adult to accept the message brought by Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) to him and then he used to purchase the slaves and freed them in the way of Allah (SWT), he was the one who brought many great companions in the fold of Islam like Hazrat Usman (R.A), Hazrat Talha bin Ubaidullah (R.A), Hazrat Saad bin Abi Waqqas (R.A), Hazrat Abdur Rehman bin Auf (R.A) and Hazrat Bilal (R.A) etc.When the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was executed at that time the loyalty showed by Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was a landmark in the anals of history. The greatness of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was mentioned in the Holy Quran when he protected the Prophet (S.A.W) when they were migrating from Makkah to Madinah. He was acknowledged as ‘Saviour of Islam’ because of his efforts to keep the community united, after the demise of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). When he became the first caliph of Islam, he resisted the threat from different tribes withdrawing from Islam as they claimed themselves to be the false Prophets. He fought with all of them and destroyed them. Thus Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was the one who destroyed the fitnah of false prophecy. When the Quran was at the verge of losing the Holy Quran because of the martyrdom of Huffaz, Hazrat Abu Bkar Siddique (R.A) was the first to order the compilation of the Holy Quran in one book.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Explain the main activities or services of Hazrat Ali (R.A) and Abu Sufyan bin Harb in the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W)?
Answer: Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (R.A)
Hazrat Ali bin Abi Talib (R.A) was the first cousin of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and he belonged to the most respectable family of Quraish, the Banu Hashim. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) took Hazrat Ali (R.A) from his uncle Abu Talib and brought him to his house, so Ali (R.A) was brought up in the Prophet’s (S.A.W) house.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was among the first converts to Islam, he accepted Islam when he was just 9 years old. After accepting the Islam he started supporting Prophet (S.A.W) bravely and the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) declared him as “My brother and my lieutenant” (Sahih Bukhari). The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) gave his beloved daughter Hazrat Fatima (R.A) in marriage to Hazrat Ali (R.A).
Hazrat Ali (R.A) demonstrated outmost courage and boldness by sleeping in the bed of Prophet (S.A.W) on the night before the great Hijra of the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) so that he may hand over the belongings back to the owners. After the migration of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) Hazrat Ali (R.A) also migrated to Madinah, at the time of establishing brotherhood (Mawakhat), the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) declared Hazrat Ali (R.A) to be his brother, The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) said, “You are my brother in this world and the hereafter.” (Tirmizi)
Hazrat Ali (R.A) performed heroic tasks in most of the battles like in the battle of Badr, he fought in a single combat and killed one of the leaders of the QURAISH WALEED BIN MUGHIRA .In the Battle of UHAD, HAZRAT ALI (R.A) and HAZRAT FATIMA (R.A) washed and dressed the wounds of Holy Prophet (S.A.W). Hazrat Ali (R.A) fought fiercely in the Battle of Khyber, Hazrat Ali (R.A) was the one who was able to defeat the Jews and killed the mighty Jew warrior Marhab and his brother.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) was one of the scribes of the Holy Quran. He was also amongst those few companions who maintain the records of the Holy Prophet’s (S.A.W) sayings. The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said about Hazrat Ali (R.A), “I am the city of knowledge and Ali (R.A) is its gate.” (Sahih Bukhari and Tirmizi) Hazrat Ali (R.A) had taken the pledge of loyalty on the hand of Prophet (S.A.W) in Bait ul-Rizwan. As a scribe of Holy Prophet (S.A.W) Ali (R.A) was the one who wrote the treaty of Hudaibiya.
Hazrat Ali (R.A) is among the 10 blessed companions. When the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) went for the expedition of Tabuk, he left Hazrat Ali (R.A) in charge of Madinah. When the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) came back he said, “You are to me as Harun was to Musa except that there will be no Prophet after me” (Agreed upon)
Abu Sufyan bin Harb
Abu Sufyan’s real name was Sakhr bin Harb bin Ummayah, belonged to Banu Ummayah. He was chief of his clan Abd-Shams. He was one of the leading merchants of Makkah. Abu Sufyan like his kinsmen opposed Holy Prophet (S.A.W) before accepting Islam. The case of the battle of Badr was Abu Sufyan and his caravan, because he sends DumDum to spread the news that the caravan is under attack so the Quraish came out to fight with the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
After the battle of Badr, in which all the leaders of Quraish were killed, he was elected as the leader of the Quraish. Abu Sufyan use to say, “I have become great by passing away of the great.” He lost his father in-law Utbah bin Rabia and his son HunzAllah in the battle of Badr. He led the army in battle of Uhadagainst Holy Prophet (S.A.W).
At conquest of Makkah after much resistance Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), he finally accepted Islam and Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) gave a special status to Abu Sufyan (R.A) that anyone who enter in the house of Abu Sufyan (R.A) will be pardoned. He took part in the battle of Hunnain and siege of Taif where he fought gallantly alongside of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) losing one of his eyes in the combat.
He also fought at the battle of Yarmuk. His son Yazid bin Sufyan was a great Muslim general who was martyr of Islam. One of the daughters of Abu Sufyan (R.A), Umm-e-Habiba Ramala is amongst the ‘Mothers of the faithful’. Abu Sufyan (R.A) narrated over 100 Hadis of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W).
He died in 32 years after Hijra at the age of 83.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write briefly about the conversion to Islam of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Hamza (R.A)? [10]
Answer: The early conversion of Hazrat Umar bin Khatab (R.A)
Umar bin Khatab was one of the stern opposition to the Muslims. Umar hated the Prophet (S.A.W) and Muslims because they brought something different to what their forefathers worshipped.
Umar one day was very upset. In fact he was angry; He decided to kill the Prophet (S.A.W). He got his sword and started heading out to find the Prophet (S.A.W). On the way, Umar met man; by the name Nu‘aim bin Abdullah (R.A). Nu’aim asked him where he was going with this unsheathed sword. Umar said furiously, “I am going to kill that man Muhammad (S.A.W)).Nu’aim said to him that your sister and brother in law have accepted Islam and left the religion of your forefathers!
When Umar heard this, he headed straight for his sister’s house, as it so happened, Umar's sister Fatima and her husband were reciting surah Ta ha,. When they heard someone approaching Fatima hid the pages of the Qur’an they were reading from. Umar had over heard something being read and pounded on the door. Fatima answered the door and Umar immediately asked her what she was reading. He then continued to relay the information that Nu’aim had given them that they had both accepted Islam. Fatima denied everything and Umar became angry and started beating his sister and brother in law. Umar was maddened with rage at both of them and caused them both to be injured.
Both Fatima and her husband then said, "Yes, we are Muslims, we believe in Allah and His Messenger Muhammad (S.A.W) so do what you will." When Umar (S.A.W) the state of his bleeding sister, he was touched with remorse and his anger went away. He said,” I was only wanting to know what you were reading.” His sister then explained to Umar that this was the Qur’an, the message that Muhammad (S.A.W) was sent with. Umar wanted to read these verses but his sister refused him saying that he could not touch them because he was not clean. Umar went and had a bath then read the verses from the Qur’an. He was immediately touched by the beauty, elegance and wisdom of these verses. He knew that these verses were far superior to anything he had heard and this could only be from Allah, no man could write this. At this point he knew that Islam was the truth and that his forefathers had indeed been misguided.
Umar then left his sister’s house and set off to find Muhammad (S.A.W). The Prophet (S.A.W) was in a religious meeting in the house al-Arqam in Safa. Here the Prophet (S.A.W) was teaching the Muslims when they heard a knock on the door. The Muslims went over to the door and looked through the cracks. They noticed Umar with his sword unsheathed and dreaded what could happen. Hamza was also there and he said: "Let him in, as a friend he is welcome. As an enemy, he will have his head cut off with his own sword."(Bukhari) Muhammad (S.A.W) then commanded his companions to open the door and let him in. When Umar entered, Muhammad (S.A.W) grabbed him by his garments and shook him, asking him why he had come. Umar explained: "O Messenger of Allah (S.A.W), I come to you in order to believe in Allah and his Messenger and that which he has brought from his Lord." All the Muslims rejoiced at this good news and cried aloud: ‘Allah hu Akbar’ (Allah is Great), which could be heard at the Kaabah.
The conversion of Hazrat Hamza (R.A)
One day the Prophet (S.A.W) was sitting on one of the hillocks of Safa when Abu Jahl approached him and started shouting and using bad language towards him. Muhammad (S.A.W) remained quiet and did not retaliate. Abu Jahl took a rock and started attacking Muhammad (S.A.W), causing him to bleed. Muhammad (S.A.W) again did not retaliate and Abu Jahl proceeded to the Kaabah to his waiting friends. Unknown to them the whole incident was witnessed by the slave girl of Abdullah bin Jadaan. As it happen Hamza, the Prophet's uncle, was returning from a hunting trip and it was his habit that on return he would go straight to the Kaabah and offer prayers. He was moving towards the Kaabah, with his bow still strung on his shoulder, when the slave girl approached him and told him the whole incident. She told him how Abu Jahl had abused his nephew with vile language and then attacked him with a rock.
Hamza had grown up near Muhammad (S.A.W) and knew his kind and generous nature. He was angry that someone should speak and attack him is such an unjust and vicious manner. He strode to the Kaabah where Abu Jahl was sitting with his friends. He went up to them and struck his bow across Abu Jahl’s head. The people around him were astonished that Hamza would do such a thing. Hamza then said “"You have been abusing Muhammad (S.A.W); I too follow his religion and profess what he preaches." (Ibne Hisham)
Abu Jahl’s companions were ready to come to his rescue and fight with Hamza but Abu Jahl stopped them. Abu Jahl said “I indeed did speak shamelessly to Muhammad (S.A.W).” Even Abu Jahl knew that he was being unjust towards Muhammad (S.A.W) and that this type of behavior towards a fellow human being was unacceptable. He knew he was in the wrong and that Hamza was justified in defending Muhammad (S.A.W).The Makkans were especially upset because Hamza had become a Muslim. Hamza had always been respected by the Makkans and was considered by everyone as a brave and honorable person. Although Hamza did not know much about Islam, very soon he learned about Islam and wholeheartedly accepted Islam. He became a very pious and dedicated Muslim. He was a greatly loved companion of the Prophet (S.A.W).

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Write down the conversion of Hazrat Usman (R.A), Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) and Hazrat Ali (R.A)? [10]
Answer: Hazrat Usman bin Affan
Hazrat Usman bin Affan (R.A) accepted Islam at the hands of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A). It was so one day Usman Bin Affan was sleeping in the desert whilst on a trade journey, when he heard a voice saying, “Sleepers, awake, Ahmad has come forth in Makkah.” (Seerah Ibne Hisham) Usman than hurried to Makkah were he met Talha on the way. Talha said that when he was in Syria, he met a monk who asked if Ahmad (S.A.W) had come to his people of canptuary. When Talha quizzed the monk about Ahmad (S.A.W), the monk replied that Ahmad (S.A.W) was son of Abdullah son of Abdul Muttalib.
Both Usman and Talha went to Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) who was known to be close to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) as his childhood friend. They both related their stories to Hazrat Aby Bakr Siddique (R.A). Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) said to them that the things that happened to them are true, than Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) invited them to Islam by giving them the message of Holy Prophet (S.A.W).
They both along with Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) went to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and accepted Islam. Hazrat Usman (R.A) being the third male converts: his family deserted him after the conversion so much so that they locked him in a room without food and water for days. The Holy Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) gave his daughter Hazrat Bibi Ruqaya (R.A) in marriage to Hazrat Usman (R.A) soon after conversion. Hazrat Usman (R.A) and Hazrat Ruqaya (R.A) were amongst the first group of people who migrated to Abyssinia.
Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)
Abu Bakr pre Islamic name was Abdul Kaa’bah. Abu Bakr was fairly wealthy merchant and before he embraced Islam, was a respected citizen of Makkah. He was three years younger than Muhammad (S.A.W) and some natural affinity drew them together from earliest child Hood. He remained the closet companion of the Prophet all through the Prophet’s life.
When the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) gave the call of Islam, Abu Bakr was out of Makkah he had gone on a business trip to Yemen. When Abu Bakr (R.A) returned to Makkah, he was informed by some of his friends that in his absence Muhammad (S.A.W) had declared himself as the Messenger of the God, and proclaimed a new religion. On hearing this, Abu Bakr lost on time in calling on the Holy Prophet (S.A.W).
The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) told Abu Bakr full details of his experience in the cave of Hira, the visitation of the angel Gabriel and the command of Allah to call the people to Him. On hearing the account, Abu Bakr felt inspired. He felt convinced that what the Holy Prophet had said was truth.
Overwhelmed with emotion, and elated with Joy at the discovery of the Truth, ABU BAKR said, “I believe in you and your mission from the depths of my Heart. I testify and confirm that what you say is the truth. Call me to your religion, for verily you are the Prophet o GOD and that is a great honor”
The Holy Prophet (S.A.W) once spoke about Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), “When I invited people towards ALLAH, everybody thought over it and hesitated, at least for a while, except Abu Bakr (R.A) who accepted my call, the moment I put it before Him, and he did not hesitate even for a moment”, (Shahi Bukhari).
After ABU BAKR accepted Islam he bought many prominent companions into the fold of Islam. He use to purchase slaves and feed them in the cause of Islam like Hazrat Bilal bin Rabiah and other than slaves he brought Hazrat Talha (R.A), Hazrat Usman (R.A) into the fold of Islam. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was the first person who openly invites people to the new faith and for this he was persecuted by the Quraish.
Hazrat Ali (R.A)
Ali bin Abi Talib was the first cousin of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). He was the son of Abu Talib son of Abdul Muttalib of Banu Hashim. Holy Prophet (S.A.W) took Ali from his uncle Abu Talib and brought him up like his own son. He was 9 years old when Muhammad (S.A.W) received the divine message. One night he (S.A.W) and his wife khadija (R.A), praying and prostrating, Ali (R.A) asked the Prophet (S.A.W) the meaning of their action. Prophet (S.A.W) told him that they were praying to God Most High and that Ali should accept Islam. Ali said that he would first ask His father about it. He spent a sleepless night, and in the morning he went to the Prophet (S.A.W) and said, “When God created me He did not consult my Father so why should I consult my father in order to serve God?” and he accepted the truth of Muhammad’s Message.
When the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) received the revelation to call to the nearest kinsmen (26:214) The Holy Prophet invited all his family members and invited them to one GOD, everybody laughed on Prophet (S.A.W) accept Hazrat Ali (R.A) who stood up and took Holy Prophet’s hand and said I will help Muhammad (S.A.W). For this Holy Prophet (S.A.W) said, “Ali is my brother and vice-regent” (Shahi Bukhari, Shahi Muslim). During persecution Ali stood by Prophet (S.A.W) with honor and defended him with is bravery and steadfastness.

 

[Irfan Atique]

Question: Describe the main events or services during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) which involved the following people: [10]
• Hazrat Bibi Fatima (R.A)
•Hazrat Bibi Hafsa (R.A)
•Hazrat Bibi Saudah (R.A)
Answer: Hazrat Bibi Fatima (R.A)
Hazrat Bibi Fatima (R.A), the Prophet’s (S.A.W) youngest daughter who inherited his good features, was the apple of his eye. Her father was Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) and her mother was Hazrat Bibi Khadija tul-Qubra (R.A). Her devotion to her father and her faith in Islam were indisputable. A paragon of virtue, piety and kindness, she helped Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) in propagation of Islam and in the service of the Islamic state. In 624 A.D Holy Prophet (S.A.W) gave his beloved daughter Hazrat Bibi Fatima (R.A) in marriage to Hazrat Ali Al-Murtaza (R.A).
After marriage she ran her home without any domestic help or a large source of income. She was a perfect wife to Ali (R.A) much to the fulfillment of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). Hazrat Bibi Fatima tuz-Zahrah (R.A) gave birth to Hazrat Imam Hassan (R.A) and Hazrat Imam Hussian (R.A) for whom the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) held intense affection and two daughters Hazrat Umm-e-Kulsum (R.A) and Hazrat Bibi Zainab (R.A).
During the early days of preaching of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W), she supported her father during all the persecution and opposition, even she went to Shaib e-Abi Talib along with her father.
After the death of her mother when she was only 6 years old, she always looked at the comforts of her father at home. When the streets and the Holy Kaabah in Makkah were full of those who tortured and persecuted her father; when the Holy Prophet (S.A.W) returned home in the injured condition she used to wash the blood of her father’s face and dressed his wounds and always encouraged him with her sweet conversation and consoled the heart of her father with her love and affection. She also migrated to Madinah in the cause of Islam and Allah. When the Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was injured in the battle of Uhad, Fatima (R.A) rushed from Madinah to look after her injured father.
Subsequently, she was the one who washed and dressed her father’s wounds. She was known as Az-Zahra, this name was given by Allah because her holy light used to shine among those in all the heavens. Many verses of the Holy Quran were revealed in her phrase about her spiritual credits like [25: 35], [17: 26], [33: 33].
Hazrat Bibi Fatima tuz-Zahra (R.A) died 6 months following the sad demise of her father (S.A.W).
Hazrat Bibi Hafsa (R.A)
Hazrat Hafsa (R.A) was the daughter of Hazrat Umar (R.A). Hafsa binte Umar (R.A) married to Khunais bin Huzaifah with whom she migrated first to Abyssinia and then to Madinah. Her husband participated in the battle of Badr as well as in Battle of Uhadbut unfortunately Khunais bin Huzaifah (R.A) was martyred in the battle of Uhad. After completing her Iddat, Holy Prophet (S.A.W) married Hazrat Hafsa (R.A).
She is reported to have quoted 60 traditions from Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W). The authentic copy of the Holy Quran compiled by Hazrat Zaid bin Sabit (R.A) during the caliphate of Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was kept in her custody. It was known as Mushaf e-Hafsa. In the caliphate of Hazrat Usman (R.A) she gave Mashaf e-Hafsa to make the final compilation of Quran.
She was very knowledgeable and her knowledge ranks next to Hazrat Ayesha (R.A). She passed away in 45 A.H and was buried in Jannat ul-Baqi.


Hazrat Bibi Sawdah (R.A)
Hazrat Bibi Sawdah was the daughter of Zama’aa and was amongst the early converts of Islam. She first married to Sakran bin Amr with whom she migrated to Abyssinia, on her return her husband died leaving her widow. Hence, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) decided to marry her. Since Hazrat Khadija tul-Qubra (R.A) had also passed away, he also required someone to give motherly devotion to his children, and perform the household chores ultimately I the 10th year of Prophet Hood, Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) married to Hazrat Sawdah (R.A).
Hazrat Sawdah (R.A) is counted amongst the charitable wives of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) on account of her generosity. Her generosity is also proved by the fact that she sacrificed her term of spending time with Prophet (S.A.W) in favor of Hazrat Ayesha (R.A). She passed away during the caliphate of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and was buried in Jannat ul-Baqi.

 

[asadalam]

ya i know dear

Sir can you tell me how many men and women left in the first and second batch during the migration to Habsha?

 

[badrobot14]

People, do NOT go Off-topic... as per forum rules.. try to keep the discussion to the thread title...
thanks..
Regards,
XPC Staff...

 

[danial 234]

sir can you tell about THE HONEY INCIDENT regarding Hafsa (RA). was Aeysha(RA) also involved in it

 

[MuslimGirl]

sir can you tell about THE HONEY INCIDENT regarding Hafsa (RA). was Aeysha(RA) also involved in it

Honey incident isn't really the part of syllabus.

 

[danial 234]

Honey incident isn't really the part of syllabus.

who said

 

[danial 234]

this topic is mentioned in 2012 oct/nov ms

 

[MuslimGirl]

Honey incident isn't really the part of syllabus.

who said

what I mean is that we wont get a 10 or 5 marks question on it, directly.
we may have to mention a line or two about it in some relevant question.

 

[danial 234]

what I mean is that we wont get a 10 or 5 marks question on it, directly.
we may have to mention a line or two about it in some relevant question.

i was also asking some details about it so i could write some lines on it when necessary

 

[MuslimGirl]

i was also asking some details about it so i could write some lines on it when necessary

Ahan. Fine. But a small piece of advice : Focus on the topics which are 'directly' the part of syllabus. Rest is your choice. Then the rest...