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Bruh u don't need to touch any notes for geo. Just study the chapter from the book (huma Naz sethi) and practice topical past papers.
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Pakistan Studies, Islamiyat and Urdu: Post your doubts here!
- Thread starter SalmanPakRocks
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Could you provide me with your email address? The notes are quite extensive, so if you could tell me which topics you are interested in, I can scan and send those specific pages to you.
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The original text is incomplete and lacks important details related to the topic. Firstly, it does not mention Verse 39:10 from the Quran, which emphasizes that the earth is spacious for believers. Secondly, it fails to mention the names of prominent personalities involved in the migration, such as Hz Usman and Ruqqah in the first migration, and Jafar bin Abu Talib leading the second migration. Additionally, the text does not provide the names of the envoys, Amr bin al-Aas and Abdullah bin Rabiyah, who were sent to King Negus with bribes from the Quraishite leaders.
Thirdly, the speech given by Jafar bin Abu Talib to King Negus is a crucial part of the story, which highlights the beliefs and practices of Islam. Lastly, the verses recited by Jafar bin Abu Talib from Surah Maryam, specifically chapter 19, verses 19-21, are significant in demonstrating the message of Islam.
It is also important to note that the date of the migration is missing from the text. Therefore, to provide a comprehensive and accurate account of the event, all these crucial details should be included.
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Any one please share the guess paper of any prominent teacher for Pak.studies & Islamiat. (May/June 2023). (Sir Iftikhar +all the guys).
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hello, just wanted to ask if anyone has the Collins Modern School Atlas for Pakistan as a pdf file. im having a lot of trouble with remembering stuff on the map so if anyone has any other notes or resources just for that, it would be really helpful. thanks!
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hey I'm kinda curious on what to expect on the day of the urdu as a second language paper 2 listening CAIE (0539/02)
My school's speakers were pretty awful and because of that I didn't score very well in my mocks and midterms. My teacher has been saying that it's just luck and there really isn't much we can do about it, but I just want to hear someone's experience to sort of ease my tension. I'm pretty sure our exams will be in a hall or marquee but I'm not 100% sure
Also is there a way I can replicate the exam conditions of the listening paper? I'm just really worried about my urdu and am desperately trying to improve. Thanks in advance!
My school's speakers were pretty awful and because of that I didn't score very well in my mocks and midterms. My teacher has been saying that it's just luck and there really isn't much we can do about it, but I just want to hear someone's experience to sort of ease my tension. I'm pretty sure our exams will be in a hall or marquee but I'm not 100% sure
Also is there a way I can replicate the exam conditions of the listening paper? I'm just really worried about my urdu and am desperately trying to improve. Thanks in advance!
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actually its true that u can't do much itnai kam time mein but still there are some tricks in Urdu u can do . your exams are going to be in hall or marquee soon u will receive statement of entry from your school in which every information will be provided . plus can u explain your replicate question again , its confusing .
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WhatsApp me 00966571442094
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WhatsApp me 00966571442094
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WhatsApp me 00966571442094
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I'm a Urdu Teacher, teaching to OL/IGCSE since the past 10 years.
Currently, I started Revision Sessions for IGCSE Urdu (0539)
WhatsApp me 00966571442094
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I don't have a phone right now can you send me here.
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Also tell me the important topics of history and geography...
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Here are History (4 marks questions) with complete answers
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from which section are the compulsory questions expected to come in history
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also can anyone tell me which quranic passage is the most important
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Can anyone share Islamiyat, history and geography o level guess papers for 2023?
Could anyone kindly answer these:
Q) How successful was the government of Pakistan in solving the problems of partition during 1947 and 1948 ? Explain your answer . (14)
Q) The formation of government was the most important problem faced by the newly established country of Pakistan in 1947? Do you agree?(14)
Q) How successful was the government of Pakistan in solving the problems of partition during 1947 and 1948 ? Explain your answer . (14)
Q) The formation of government was the most important problem faced by the newly established country of Pakistan in 1947? Do you agree?(14)
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Here are the answers.
Q1)
Jinnah faced many serious challenges to run the newly created state of Pakistan.
After the 3rd June 1947 Plan, the ML had a little over two months to make preparations for
handling the largest Muslim state in the world. In order to frame a constitution, he established
the Constituent Assembly on 10 August 1947, under his Chaimanship. He addressed the
Assembly on 11 August, and urged the need of making a constitution for Pakistan. The 1935
Act was adopted as the interim constitution with some amendments. He declared Karachi as
the Capital of Pakistan. There he set up the first Civil Secretariat, and urged the civil servants
to dedicate their lives to the service of the nation. He inaugurated the headquarters of three
armed forces, and negotiated with India for the release of military and financial assets for the
defence of Pakistan. An ordinance factory, the POF, was set up in Wah. In order to highlight
Pakistan’s peaceful aims, Pakistan joined the UNO in September 1947. Jinnah wanted
peaceful relations with India just like the US-Canada relations.
However, it is to be noted that Jinnah retained the executive powers which, according
to the parliamentary form of government, should have been relegated to the PM. He used to
chair the cabinet meetings, and take important decisions himself. This was used as a wrong
precedent by the future Governor Generals. The process of constitution making was lingered
on even after his death as he had to induct some non-political figures in the cabinet due to a
shortage of genuine politicians. His dream of good relations with India was also shattered
and both countries had their first war in 1948. However, due to his failing health, other
problems of partition created by India, and a lack of sincere and experienced constitutional
experts, there was no progress on constitution making.
Jinnah inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan in July 1948 so that Pakistan
introduced its own currency. The Government of Pakistan presented its first budget in 1948-
49. It was a balanced budget which indicated Pakistan’s stable economic conditions. He also
announced the First Industrial Policy of Pakistan. However, despite his best efforts, there was
no major industrial development till the 1960’s. India gave 700 million rupees to Pakistan but
the remaining 50 million were never paid.
The Quaid was opposed to religious intolerance, provincialism and racialism. He
advised the people to think, feel and act as Pakistanis and be proud of it. He toured all the
areas of Pakistan to spread the message of Pakistani nationalism. In order to safeguard the
rights of the minorities, and project Pakistan as a tolerant state he adopted the symbolic title
of the ‘Protector-General’ of religious minorities. His advice was often sought by the non-Muslims,
and he inducted a Hindu minister in the cabinet. He emphasized the Islamic ideas
about justice and equality demanded that any non-Muslims who chose to remain in Pakistan
should be treated fairly. Jinnah could do little about the geographical distance of 1,000 miles
between East and West Pakistan. This geographical distance would gradually become a
political gulf that would lead to the separation of East Pakistan in 1971.
To help the newly arrived refugees he set up a Relief Fund to rehabilitate them as
quickly as possible, and temporarily shifted his headquarter to Lahore to personally supervise
the process of their accommodation. Unfortunately, millions of refugees would continue to
suffer after his death because of shortage of the required resources. All of them could not get
medical care, jobs and accommodation. He also negotiated with the Indian government for
the Canal Water dispute, and persuaded it not to stop the water altogether. The conflict was,
however, fully resolved years after his death in 1960.
Jinnah wanted to resolve the issue of the three princely states of Hyderabad,
Junagadh and Jammu and Kashmir but could not get any success as India occupied the first
two states by force and imposed a war on Pakistan for Kashmir in April 1948. Thus Jinnah’s
dream of peaceful relations with India was shattered.
To conclude it may be said that Jinnah was quite successful in overcoming most of
the early problems because of his firm determination, political insight and strong leadership
qualities. He made all achievements while suffering from the terminal stage of pulmonary
tuberculosis that could not deter him from his mission.
Q2)
Pakistan had to make an efficient government in 1947. There was a shortage of the
state buildings, office equipment and devoted and experienced politicians. Also, there
were not many experienced officers and civil servants to run the state affairs. Except
for Jinnah, Liaqat Ali Khan and few others, most of the politicians were either
inexperienced or insincere. India, on the other hand, had a huge team of skilled
politicians with Lord Mountbatten as its 1st Governor General. Therefore, Pakistan
found it difficult to build a strong political base. The process of making a constitution
was also delayed as there were not many experts in the Constituent Assembly. Due
to a shortage of state buildings, military barracks were temporarily used as offices.
Above all, Jinnah’s deteriorating health and his death only one year after the creation
of Pakistan worsened the political problems.
Division of military and financial assets was also a major dispute. Pakistan needed
funds and military equipment to run the state affairs and ensure its defence. India
unwillingly gave damaged and worn out weapons to Pakistan under the agreed ratio
of 36% of military assets for Pakistan. So, Pakistan was forced to build an arms
manufacturing factory, the POF (Pakistan Ordinance Factory) at Wah. Only the
division of the troops went smoothly as majority of Muslim troops opted for Pakistan
and majority of non-Muslims for India. Similarly, out of a total of 750 million rupees,
the Indian government first gave only 200 million rupees to Pakistan. Then the war on
Kashmir broke out and India withheld the remaining payment saying Pakistan would
buy weapons with that money. On Gandhi’s insistence, another 500 million rupees
were given to Pakistan. The remaining 50 million rupees were never paid.
Another big problem was the accommodation of refugees coming from India. After
partition of India, Muslims living in the Indian Punjab and the neighbouring districts
were forced to migrate to Pakistan. The migrating families were attacked in an
organized way by the militant Hindus and Sikhs. Pakistan began to receive trains
loaded with the dead and the injured. The government of Pakistan had little to provide
shelter, medical care and food to millions of refugees on urgent grounds. They were
accommodated in refugee camps and military barracks without appropriate facilities
of living.
Then there was the issue of the division of the canal water. In April 1948, India
closed the two headworks Madhupur and Firozpur that controlled the waters of Ravi
and Sutlej rivers of Pakistan. This created a serious shortage of water threatening the
crop production in the affected areas of Punjab. This issue was finally solved under
the mediation of the World Bank through Indus Water Treaty in 1960.
Division of the princely states was also a problem. India had a total of 462 princely
states and these states were given choice of accession either to India or to Pakistan
after the partition. 459 states joined either state on the basis of their location and
population composition quite smoothly. Problem arose in the states of Hyderabad,
Junagadh and Kashmir. Hyderabad and Junagadh had Muslim rulers ruling the non-
Muslim majority states. India occupied the two states using its military. State of
Jammu and Kashmir had a Muslim majority but was ruled by the Maharaja of the
Dogra Dynasty. Much to the disappointment of the Kashmiri Muslims, the Maharaja
continued to delay the announcement of accession to Pakistan. This led to protest
and violence in Kashmir. The Maharaja invited the Indian army to help him, and this
resulted in the 1st Pak-India war in the start of 1948. A ceasefire was reached with the
help of the UN and a temporary boundary line, the LoC (Line of Control) was drawn
between the IHK (Indian Held Kashmir) and Azad Kashmir. It still remains an
unresolved issue between the two states.
East and West Pakistan were separated by a 1600 km long Indian territory. This
created difficulties of communication between the two wings of Pakistan. People living
in the two wings were often ignorant of the problems of each other. This geographical
gap was exploited by India to create difficulties for Pakistan. During the Pak-India war,
the Indian government would deny its territory to the Pakistani aeroplanes flying
between East and West Pakistan. Moreover, the cultural differences between the two
wings and within West Pakistan also created political and social problems. Various
cultural communities of Pakistan had little in common except for Islam.
It seems that formation of a government was the most important problem because if
Pakistan had established a concrete political foundation after independence, it would
have been able to overcome other problems with less difficulty while starting some
social development projects with a team of expert politicians.
Q1)
Jinnah faced many serious challenges to run the newly created state of Pakistan.
After the 3rd June 1947 Plan, the ML had a little over two months to make preparations for
handling the largest Muslim state in the world. In order to frame a constitution, he established
the Constituent Assembly on 10 August 1947, under his Chaimanship. He addressed the
Assembly on 11 August, and urged the need of making a constitution for Pakistan. The 1935
Act was adopted as the interim constitution with some amendments. He declared Karachi as
the Capital of Pakistan. There he set up the first Civil Secretariat, and urged the civil servants
to dedicate their lives to the service of the nation. He inaugurated the headquarters of three
armed forces, and negotiated with India for the release of military and financial assets for the
defence of Pakistan. An ordinance factory, the POF, was set up in Wah. In order to highlight
Pakistan’s peaceful aims, Pakistan joined the UNO in September 1947. Jinnah wanted
peaceful relations with India just like the US-Canada relations.
However, it is to be noted that Jinnah retained the executive powers which, according
to the parliamentary form of government, should have been relegated to the PM. He used to
chair the cabinet meetings, and take important decisions himself. This was used as a wrong
precedent by the future Governor Generals. The process of constitution making was lingered
on even after his death as he had to induct some non-political figures in the cabinet due to a
shortage of genuine politicians. His dream of good relations with India was also shattered
and both countries had their first war in 1948. However, due to his failing health, other
problems of partition created by India, and a lack of sincere and experienced constitutional
experts, there was no progress on constitution making.
Jinnah inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan in July 1948 so that Pakistan
introduced its own currency. The Government of Pakistan presented its first budget in 1948-
49. It was a balanced budget which indicated Pakistan’s stable economic conditions. He also
announced the First Industrial Policy of Pakistan. However, despite his best efforts, there was
no major industrial development till the 1960’s. India gave 700 million rupees to Pakistan but
the remaining 50 million were never paid.
The Quaid was opposed to religious intolerance, provincialism and racialism. He
advised the people to think, feel and act as Pakistanis and be proud of it. He toured all the
areas of Pakistan to spread the message of Pakistani nationalism. In order to safeguard the
rights of the minorities, and project Pakistan as a tolerant state he adopted the symbolic title
of the ‘Protector-General’ of religious minorities. His advice was often sought by the non-Muslims,
and he inducted a Hindu minister in the cabinet. He emphasized the Islamic ideas
about justice and equality demanded that any non-Muslims who chose to remain in Pakistan
should be treated fairly. Jinnah could do little about the geographical distance of 1,000 miles
between East and West Pakistan. This geographical distance would gradually become a
political gulf that would lead to the separation of East Pakistan in 1971.
To help the newly arrived refugees he set up a Relief Fund to rehabilitate them as
quickly as possible, and temporarily shifted his headquarter to Lahore to personally supervise
the process of their accommodation. Unfortunately, millions of refugees would continue to
suffer after his death because of shortage of the required resources. All of them could not get
medical care, jobs and accommodation. He also negotiated with the Indian government for
the Canal Water dispute, and persuaded it not to stop the water altogether. The conflict was,
however, fully resolved years after his death in 1960.
Jinnah wanted to resolve the issue of the three princely states of Hyderabad,
Junagadh and Jammu and Kashmir but could not get any success as India occupied the first
two states by force and imposed a war on Pakistan for Kashmir in April 1948. Thus Jinnah’s
dream of peaceful relations with India was shattered.
To conclude it may be said that Jinnah was quite successful in overcoming most of
the early problems because of his firm determination, political insight and strong leadership
qualities. He made all achievements while suffering from the terminal stage of pulmonary
tuberculosis that could not deter him from his mission.
Q2)
Pakistan had to make an efficient government in 1947. There was a shortage of the
state buildings, office equipment and devoted and experienced politicians. Also, there
were not many experienced officers and civil servants to run the state affairs. Except
for Jinnah, Liaqat Ali Khan and few others, most of the politicians were either
inexperienced or insincere. India, on the other hand, had a huge team of skilled
politicians with Lord Mountbatten as its 1st Governor General. Therefore, Pakistan
found it difficult to build a strong political base. The process of making a constitution
was also delayed as there were not many experts in the Constituent Assembly. Due
to a shortage of state buildings, military barracks were temporarily used as offices.
Above all, Jinnah’s deteriorating health and his death only one year after the creation
of Pakistan worsened the political problems.
Division of military and financial assets was also a major dispute. Pakistan needed
funds and military equipment to run the state affairs and ensure its defence. India
unwillingly gave damaged and worn out weapons to Pakistan under the agreed ratio
of 36% of military assets for Pakistan. So, Pakistan was forced to build an arms
manufacturing factory, the POF (Pakistan Ordinance Factory) at Wah. Only the
division of the troops went smoothly as majority of Muslim troops opted for Pakistan
and majority of non-Muslims for India. Similarly, out of a total of 750 million rupees,
the Indian government first gave only 200 million rupees to Pakistan. Then the war on
Kashmir broke out and India withheld the remaining payment saying Pakistan would
buy weapons with that money. On Gandhi’s insistence, another 500 million rupees
were given to Pakistan. The remaining 50 million rupees were never paid.
Another big problem was the accommodation of refugees coming from India. After
partition of India, Muslims living in the Indian Punjab and the neighbouring districts
were forced to migrate to Pakistan. The migrating families were attacked in an
organized way by the militant Hindus and Sikhs. Pakistan began to receive trains
loaded with the dead and the injured. The government of Pakistan had little to provide
shelter, medical care and food to millions of refugees on urgent grounds. They were
accommodated in refugee camps and military barracks without appropriate facilities
of living.
Then there was the issue of the division of the canal water. In April 1948, India
closed the two headworks Madhupur and Firozpur that controlled the waters of Ravi
and Sutlej rivers of Pakistan. This created a serious shortage of water threatening the
crop production in the affected areas of Punjab. This issue was finally solved under
the mediation of the World Bank through Indus Water Treaty in 1960.
Division of the princely states was also a problem. India had a total of 462 princely
states and these states were given choice of accession either to India or to Pakistan
after the partition. 459 states joined either state on the basis of their location and
population composition quite smoothly. Problem arose in the states of Hyderabad,
Junagadh and Kashmir. Hyderabad and Junagadh had Muslim rulers ruling the non-
Muslim majority states. India occupied the two states using its military. State of
Jammu and Kashmir had a Muslim majority but was ruled by the Maharaja of the
Dogra Dynasty. Much to the disappointment of the Kashmiri Muslims, the Maharaja
continued to delay the announcement of accession to Pakistan. This led to protest
and violence in Kashmir. The Maharaja invited the Indian army to help him, and this
resulted in the 1st Pak-India war in the start of 1948. A ceasefire was reached with the
help of the UN and a temporary boundary line, the LoC (Line of Control) was drawn
between the IHK (Indian Held Kashmir) and Azad Kashmir. It still remains an
unresolved issue between the two states.
East and West Pakistan were separated by a 1600 km long Indian territory. This
created difficulties of communication between the two wings of Pakistan. People living
in the two wings were often ignorant of the problems of each other. This geographical
gap was exploited by India to create difficulties for Pakistan. During the Pak-India war,
the Indian government would deny its territory to the Pakistani aeroplanes flying
between East and West Pakistan. Moreover, the cultural differences between the two
wings and within West Pakistan also created political and social problems. Various
cultural communities of Pakistan had little in common except for Islam.
It seems that formation of a government was the most important problem because if
Pakistan had established a concrete political foundation after independence, it would
have been able to overcome other problems with less difficulty while starting some
social development projects with a team of expert politicians.